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Control of Animal Diseases
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Animal diseases are of great concern to humans for several reasons. Diseases can reduce the productivity of animals. Animals raised as food, such as pigs and beef cattle, that become ill may affect the economic well-being of many industries. Some animal diseases, known as zoonoses, can be transmitted to humans. In the wild, animal populations reduced by disease can upset the ecological balance of an area. And, in the case of pets, prevention and treatment of animal diseases help pets live long and healthy. Animal diseases are characterized as infectious and noninfectious. Infectious diseases are caused by an agent, such as bacteria or a virus that penetrates the body’s natural defense mechanisms, while noninfectious diseases are caused by factors such as diet, environment, injury, and heredity. Sometimes the cause of a disease is unknown. An animal may also experience one disease or a combination of diseases at any one time. To identify a disease, a veterinarian first determines the animal’s species, breed, age, and sex. This information helps to identify a disease because some diseases are more prevalent in certain species, or a disease may preferentially affect one sex or age group. The veterinarian then gathers a complete history of the animal and its problem. This history includes the symptoms the animal is displaying and when they first appeared, as well as whether the animal has been exposed to something new in its surroundings or to other animals. The veterinarian gives the animal a thorough physical examination, which may include measuring its body temperature, listening to its heart, checking its pulse, and feeling its abdomen and lymph nodes. The veterinarian then creates a list of possible diseases that may be making the animal sick. The list may be narrowed by running diagnostic tests such as X-rays, electrocardiograms, blood analyses, and bacterial or fungal cultures.
Задание 1. Выберите и переведите предложения, в которых описаны причины инфекционных и неинфекционных болезней.
Задание 2. Задайте вопросы к следующим предложениям, начав их с вопросительного слова, данного в скобках:
1. Animal diseases are of great concern to humans for several reasons. (Why?)
2. Animals raised as food, such as pigs and beef cattle. (What animals?)
3. Infectious diseases are caused by an agent, such as bacteria or a virus. (What diseases?)
4. The veterinarian gathers a complete history of the animal and its problem. (Who?)
Text 5
Прочтите текст, переведите его письменно, выполните задания к тексту.
Veterinary Care
The zoo veterinarian attends to the needs of every animal in the zoo habitat, from the tiniest shrew to the largest elephant, monitoring diet, dental health, and even reproduction. Zoo veterinarians perform blood tests, vaccinations, routine examinations, and even surgery. They manage endangered species to encourage successful mating and reproduction. For pandas, which are solitary in the wild, this might involve isolating individuals during the non-breeding season, and then bringing a pair together to mate when the time is right.
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Veterinarians employed in regulatory medicine are responsible for controlling or eliminating certain diseases and protecting the public from animal diseases that can affect people. As food inspectors, they identify diseased livestock and unsafe meat and poultry. Veterinarians also prevent foreign diseases from entering the country by enforcing quarantines and inspecting animals. They test for the presence of diseases, and manage campaigns to prevent and eradicate diseases that threaten animal and human health such as tuberculosis, undulant fever, and rabies. Some public health veterinarians evaluate the safety of food processing plants, restaurants, and water supplies. Those in environmental health programs study and evaluate how various pesticides, industrial pollutants, and other contaminants affect human and animal populations. Other public health veterinarians are epidemiologists (specialists who study the cause and incidence of diseases). Public health veterinarians employed in government and private laboratories provide important diagnostic and testing services. They might, for example, inspect beef to insure that it does not contain E. coli bacteria or chicken to insure that it is free of Salmonella bacteria.
Задание 1. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What is the zoo veterinarian responsible for?
2. What do zoo veterinarians perform?
3. As food inspectors, they identify diseased livestock, don’t they?
4. Do regulatory medicine veterinarians prevent foreign diseases from entering the country?
5. What are responsibilities of public health veterinarians?
6. What specialists study the cause and incidence of diseases?
Задание 2. Из списка болезней выберите те, о которых идет речь в тексте:
tuberculosis, pneumonia, cholera, anthrax, rabies, undulant fever, mastitis.
Задание 3. Выпишите и переведите предложения, которые описывают основные обязанности ветврачей в сфере общественного здравоохранения.
PART V
Коммуникативные задания
Topic 1
About Myself and My Family
Let me introduce myself. I’m Ivan Petrov. I am 20 years old. I was born on the 29th of March 1989 in Vitebsk. As to my appearance I’m rather tall and slim, I have blond hair and blue eyes. I think I am friendly, hard-working and serious. My hobbies are dancing, music and sport. I study by correspondence at the Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. I am not married yet. I live with my family. We are happy to be together.
CONVERSATIONAL ACTIVITIES
1. Find the English equivalents:
Внешность, семья, родиться, высокий, трудолюбивый, увлечения, учиться заочно, быть женатым (замужем), дружелюбный, стройный.
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Say if the following sentences are true or false according to the text.
- Ivan Petrov was born on the 29th of March 1980 in Brest.
- Ivan Petrov is tall and stout.
- Ivan Petrov is hard-working and hot-tempered.
- Ivan is a student of the Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine.
- Ivan has no family.
3. Answer the questions:
- What is your name? Who are you? How old are you?
- When and where were you born?
- Can you describe yourself?
- What are your hobbies?
- Where do you live?
- Where do you study?
- Have you got a family?
- Are you married?
4. Read the following text. Define the general idea of this text. Suggest your title to the text.
British families are usually quite small. An average family consists of a mother, a father and two or three children. No one is really sure how it is possible to have four children. It is quite rare in Britain for grandparents, aunts and uncles to share the house with the family. However, families often share the house with dogs, cats, goldfish and even rabbits which they keep not to eat, but as pets.
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