1. If I win the lottery, I'll be able to __________________________
2. If I win the lottery, I won't have to __________________________
3. If I lose my job, I won't have to ___________________________
4. If I move to the country, I won't be able to _____________________
Use an appropriate form of one of the verbs on the left to fill each gap. You can use more than one word in each gap. The first one is already done for you.
1. Can/be able to I won't be able to ____ go on holiday if I get this new job.
2. Must/have to We _______________ work very hard if we get
this contract.
3. Can/be able to We ____________________ save a lot of
money since we started working in this country.
4. Must/have to I _____________ study a lot for my exam last year.
5. Can/be able to Now I ___________ relax. My exams are over.
6. Must/be able to I _______________ learn a lot since I started this job.
Write five sentences about your childhood. Write about what you HAD TO do and what you COULD/COULDN'T do.
Present Simple
1 2 3
It is made
It is cleaned
PASSIVE VOICE
Form
1 2 3
Present Continuous
1 2 3
It is being made
It is being cleaned
Past Simple
1 2 3
It was made
It was cleaned
Past Continuous
1 2 3
It was being made
It was being cleaned
Present Perfect
1 2 3
It has being made
It has being cleaned
subject + ‘be’ (in correct tense) + past participle of verb
Exercise. Put the following into the Passive mentioning the agent where necessary.
I. 1. We hear a sound of a violin in the hall. 2. His father always praises him when he works hard. 3. My sister often takes Bob for his brother. 4. My mother wakens me at 7 o'clock every morning.
II. 1. She found the envelope at last behind the dining-room clock. 2. I bought this book a week ago. 3. A great artist painted this picture. 4. John broke the window the other day.
III. 1. I shall post that letter tomorrow. 2. They will discuss your report next week. 3. The secretary will change our time-table in a week. 4. Tom will meet us at the station..
IV. 1. The secretary has recently brought this letter. 2. Jack has just spilled the milk. З. My little brother has broken this cup. 4. She has dusted the room carefully.
V. 1. He felt better when he had reached the post office, bought a registered envelope and posted the letter. 2. By the time the director came she had typed the letters. 3. They went home after they had finished the work. 4. He wondered why we had not visited him before..
VI. 1 Our scientists are examining a new spaceship. Our friends are making preparations to meet them. They are preparing the meal now. 4. Tom and Harry were carrying our suitcases.
VII. 1. They showed her the shortest way to the station. 2. My mother taught me English. 3. We asked the lecturer a few questions about. Shakespeare. 4. Tom has just told me a good story. 5. She lent me this book last Tuesday. 6. My friend gave me a good piece of advice how to do it. 7. The postman delivers us the newspapers and the magazines every day about eight o'clock in the morning. 8. She told us her name after we had asked her twice. 9. I sent her brother a telegram.
VIII. 1. I sent my daughter for the doctor. 2. We listened to the teacher very attentively. 3. We spoke much about his speech. 4. His friend always found fault with him. 5. We often refer to this article. 6. They agreed upon the plan. 7. People often ask for this book. 8. My friends always take care of my little sister. 9. They took no notice of his words. 10. They will listen to his lectures with great interest. 11. His friends always laugh at him. 12. We have never lived in this house. 13. A distinguished surgeon will operate on my sister.
Put the correct form of the verbs in brackets into the sentences.
Example:
Where … the meeting … yesterday? – Where was the meeting held yesterday?
1. When … the house …? (build) – In 2002.
2. Prices … every year. (rise)
3. Why … the design … last month? (change)
4. When … the new manager …? (appoint) – Last month.
5. My car … last week. (steal)
6. The office … every day. (clean)
7. Anew product … just …. (develop)
8. Bananas … into Northern Europe. (import)
Match the products with the countries and make a sentence.
Example:
Coffee is produced (or grown) in Brazil.
Diamonds produce Switzerland
Cotton manufacture Italy
Cheese grow South Africa
Wine mine Germany
Cars make India
Put the verbs into the correct form, present simple or past simple, active or passive.
1. It’s a big factory. Five hundred people (employ) there.
2. Water (cover) most of the Earth’s surface.
3. The boat (sink) quickly but fortunately everybody (rescued).
4. While I was on holiday, my camera (steal) from the hotel room.
5. While I was on holiday, my (disappear) from my hotel room.
6. Why (Sue/resign) from her job? Didn’t she enjoy it?
7. Why (Bill/sack) from his job? What did he do wrong?
Write these sentences in passive.
1. They didn’t give me the money. I….
2. They asked me some difficult questions at the interview. I ….
3. Janet’s colleagues gave her a present when she retired. Janet ….
4. Nobody told me that George was ill. I ….
5. How much will they pay you?
6. I think they should have offered Tom the job.
Has anybody shown you what to do?
C H A P T E R 2
UNIT 1
APPLYING FOR A JOB: JOB ADS
Read about all aspects of applying for a new job
Applying for a New Job
In most parts of the world it is common to submit a typed CV* (curriculum vitae - British English) or resume (American English). This contains all the unchanging information about you: your education, background experience. This usually accompanies a letter of application. Interviews may take many forms in business today: from the traditional one-to-one interview to panel interview where several candidates are interviewed by a panel of interviewers, to "deep-end" interviews where applicants have to demonstrate how they can cope in actual business situations. Moreover, the atmosphere of an interview may vary from the informal to the formal and from the kindly to the sadistic. Fashions seem to change quite rapidly in interview techniques and the only rules that applicants should be aware of may be "Expect the unexpected" and "Be yourself"!
In different countries, different trades and different grades, the salary that goes with a job may be only part of the package: perks* like a company car or cheap housing loans, bonuses paid in a "thirteenth month", company pension schemes, generous holidays or flexible working hours may all contribute to the attractiveness of a job.
* CV - a short written account of a persons' education and past employment, used esp. when they are looking for a new job.
* perk - money, goods, or an advantage that one gets regularly and legally from one's work in addition to one's pay.
Recruitment
In life of any person there is a moment when he must take a very important decision – to find a job which will bring satisfaction and money simultaneously. And what is an ideal job for you? Choose the answers and give your reasons.
An ideal job for me is a job …
*that suits my personality
*that gives challenge and opportunity
*that gives independence
*well-paid
*risky
*exciting
*that encourages thinking and development
*calm and steady
*which is connected with communication
*prestigious
*part-time
*without long business trips
Read and translate the text.
Applying for a job
Getting a job begins with locating and applying for jobs that will advance your career plans. It also involves convincing employers that you are the best applicant for their job openings. The way you apply for a job and present your qualifications can greatly influence an employer’s impression of you. Therefore, you should know how to contact employers, how to complete application forms, and how to make a good impression in job interviews.
It is also important to know how to write a good resume, or summary of your background and qualifications. All these skills can improve your chances for employment. However, do not be discouraged if you are not offered the first job you apply for. Most employers consider several applicants for each job opening, and many people make a number of applications before hired.
One of the most common ways to learn about job opportunities is by word-of-mouth. Many jobs are filled by people who have heard of the job openings from friends, relatives, teachers, and acquaintances. You should therefore tell the people you know and meet that you are looking for certain kinds of work.
Another common way to locate job opportunities is through the classified section of newspapers. Many professional and union newsletters, magazines, and other trade publications also carry advertisements for job openings. From such advertisement you can learn, what profession, skills, experience are necessary for this job. Sometimes they also mention approximate salary and other benefits.
Information about job openings is also available from employment agencies. Public employment agencies are run by the government and do not charge for their services. Private agencies charge the job-seeker or the employer a fee if a person is hired as a result of their efforts. Many high schools, colleges, and other schools have placement offices, which are set up to help students and graduates find jobs. Telephone directories list the names and addresses of employers in various fields. Jobseekers must contact the employers to learn about possible job openings. Your first contact with an employer will be either to apply for a known job opening or to find out if any jobs are available. Your contacts with employers should be effective and orderly. The most common ways of contacting employers are by mail, by telephone, and by personal visit to an employer’s office.
Most applicants for white-collar jobs get in touch with employers by mail. A letter to an employer should be type-written or neatly hand-written in ink. In the letter, introduce yourself. And explain why you are writing. Briefly indicate any experience and skills you have that relate to the kind of job you are seeking. Finally, ask for an interview. Be sure to include your address and telephone number so that the employer can reach you. If you contact an employer by telephone, try to provide the same information that you would cover in a letter.
