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According to the article, which of the women
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Used to own a company?
*studied while working?
*expects to earn more eventually?
*gets by on less money?
*took voluntary redundancy?
*travelled in her original job?
*like meeting people in her work?
*enjoys her new lack of routine?
*took some time to get on top of her work?
*now work from home?
*used to work in government?
*found their previous job stressful?
Now answer the questions about the women:
1. Why do you think Amanda felt increasingly discontented in her old job?
2. Why might Linda become demotivated?
3. In what context does Sue describe her salary as unimaginable?
4. How might Petra’s new life seem uncertain and insecure to some people?
5. Why did the fact that Helen had had her own business make her seem unemployable?
6. Why would an immature applicant be unsuitable for Helen’s job as a registrar?
Women’s work
Think about the types of jobs people have in Russia and thenmake two lists:
Present jobs: jobs which many women now do, but which their mothers did not do in the past.
Past jobs: jobs which their mothers’ generations used to do, but which few women do now.
And now note down three reasons why you think the changes have taken place.
UNIT 7
WOULD YOU LIKE TO START A BUSINESS?
Would you like to start a business?
If you want to start a business, you are to know some definite information about it. We suggest you to see how a company is formed from the very beginning.
A company can be also called a firm or a business. When it is producing goods or trading, we say it is in business. A company which is just starting up is going into business and a firm which stops operating goes out of business. If a firm becomes bigger, it expands. The expansion means that a company will produce more goods or sell more products. A manufacturer produces goods. They are its products. When a manufacturing company expands, it means that it increases its production.
A company selling goods in large quantities (in bulk) is called a wholesaler. A person or a company buying in bulk (wholesale) and selling goods in small quantities is a retailer. Many local shops sell goods retail. Two or more companies which sell or manufacture the same product are competitors. They are in competition and they compete for customers. To be ahead of its rivals the company must be competitive.
An area where there is a demand for certain goods is called a market. A company selling locally sells its goods in the local market. If a company sells its goods at the same place where they are produced, it uses the home or domestic market. A firm selling abroad is an exporter. It sells on the international or overseas market. The goods it exports are exports. An importer buys goods abroad and imports them into his own country.
Vocabulary
to go into business – начинать (открывать) бизнес
to go out of business – прекращать бизнес
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goods – товары
to sell – продавать
bulk – крупная партия товара
wholesale – оптовый
wholesaler – оптовый торговец, оптовое предприятие
retailer – розничный торговец
to sell retail – продавать в розницу
to compete – конкурировать
customer – покупатель
rival – соперник
demand – спрос
local – местный
home or domestic market – внутренний рынок
abroad – за рубежом
international or overseas market – международный, внутренний рынок
Choose the right answer
1. a firm which is just starting up is ________.
a) going into business
b) is in business
c) going out of business
2. A company which sells goods in large quantities is called ________.
a) a wholesaler
b) a retailer
c) a wholesale distributor
3. Two or more companies which sell or manufacture the same product are ________.
a) customers
b) retailers
c) competitors
4. A company which sells goods abroad is ________.
a) an importer
b) an exporter
c) a rival
5. An area where there is a demand for certain goods is called a ________.
a) business
b) market
c) importation
Complete the sentences using the text.
1. A wholesaler is a person or a company selling ….
2. A retailer is a person or a company selling ….
3. A customer is a person ….
4. A competitor is a person or a company ….
Answer the following questions.
1. Why can a company go out of business?
2. When can a firm expand?
3. What do you buy wholesale?
4. What can you buy retail?
5. What famous manufacturing companies of our country do you know?
6. Which of them sell goods on the overseas market?
7. What must a company have to be competitive?
8. What can a firm do to win its rivals?
9. What products in our domestic market can be competitive abroad?
Give the summary of the text in 5 sentences using as many new words as possible.
May be some day some of you will start a business of your own. Let us check if you have abilities for that.
Test
Are you adventurous?
Give answers to these questions and be honest!
1. When a phone rings at home and you’re in the room, what happens?
a) You wait to see if anyone else will answer it. If they don’t, you do it.
b) You usually jump up first to answer it.
c) You leave the room.
2. What’s your attitude towards learning to drive?
a) You don’t see any point in learning.
b) You’ll learn when you have to.
c) You’ll learn as soon as you can.
3. A friend invites you out somewhere and you agree to go. Later he, or she tells you there’ll be some people there you don’t know. What’s your first thought?
a) I hope I’ll like them.
b) I wish I could find a good reason to get out of this.
c) Great! It’ll be more interesting.
4. You’re on holiday by the beach. A friend is having a good time with his surfboard. You’ve never tried this before, although you can swim very well. He invites you to have a go. What do you do?
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a) Make sure the currents are not too strong, you say, “Yes, thanks. I’d love to.”
b) Say “Yes, great!”, grab the board and go out and try it.
c) Say you’d like to try it another time, but are happy to watch him for the moment.
5. You are at the party and see someone of the opposite sex that you like the look of. You would like to speak to him. What do you do?
a) Get someone to introduce you to the person, and start talking to him.
b) Think to yourself: “He/She wouldn’t like me anyway, and never speak to the person.”
c) Find a reason and start talking to him.
6. Your relationship with a girlfriend/boyfriend has become very difficult lately. You’re not enjoying her/his company as much as before and you hardly speak to each other. What do you do?
a) Talk to the boy/girl about the problem, and see if you can find some solution together – either end or change the relationship.
b) Carry on seeing her/him without saying anything. At least it’s someone to go out with.
c) Some other solution.
7) You wake up one Saturday morning with a felling that you want to go out for a day trip somewhere new.
a) You phone up a few friends. They don’t seem to like the idea.
b) You get ready to go. You say you’ll take anyone with you who wants to go, but you’re going anyway.
c) You try to persuade your friends to go where you want to go. They’re not interested in your suggestion, but you all agree to go somewhere else.
8) You have a very important lecture at the University. At the end, you realize that you haven’t understood it. What do you do?
a) Go up to the teacher afterwards and ask him to explain it again.
b) Keep quiet, and copy other people’s work.
c) Ask a friend or someone to explain it to you.
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