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ИНТЕРВЬЮ с профессором Дж. Мортоном
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Прочитайте интервью по ролям. Суммируйте его содержание своими словами (6-8 предложений).
TEACHER: Dear friends! Let me introduce Professor John Morton from Newcastle University. Professor Morton has kindly agreed to answer your questions about training geologists in Great Britain and about geology as a science.
QUESTION: Will you kindly say a few words about the importance of geology as a science? Thank you.
ANSWER: Yes, of course. First of all, geology is a practical science. It studies the Earth, its structure, composition and its evolution. It is a science in which the study of presentday processes plays a key role in understanding the evolutionary history of the Earth. At the same time the geological past helps understand modern processes and predict future trends. This is of increasing importance as we become more aware 6f environmental problems.
QUESTION: You have mentioned environment. Does it concern geology too?
ANSWER: Certainly. Environmental geology focuses on geology as it relates to human activity, environmental hazards and changes resulting from natural geological processes.
QUESTION: What do you think about the role of mining geology in the modern world?
ANSWER: I'll try to be short. Mining geology plays an essential role in two major fields. First, there is the engineering task of extracting the valuable content of a mineral deposit (the ore) economically, efficiently and safely and with minimum disturbance to the environment. Second, since every ore deposit has a limited life, the future of the industry depends on prospecting and exploration to discover and evaluate new deposits, to replace dying mines and to meet increasing demands.
QUESTION: How long do students study geology in Great Britain?
ANSWER: I think, it depends on the university but mostly the course lasts 3 years, full-time, or 4 years if combined with a language subject (part time study is also possible).
Unit 7
As a rule, each academic year is divided into two semesters (terms). Assessment takes place at the end of each semester in the form of examinations and coursework. Traditionally, field studies have been one of the main problems of geology courses. The first-year programme provides basic geology, basic surveying, mathematics, statistics, observational and computing skills.
QUESTION: I'd like to know how the study process is organized in British universities. Thank you.
ANSWER: Well, formal teaching is by way of lectures, laboratory practicals, field excursions, personal studies. All the students have a personal tutor who advises on progress through the course, choice of modules and other matters.
QUESTION: I've heard about the modular system. Can you tell us what it is like?
ANSWER: I'll try. At British universities, students' course is designed on a modular basis. Modules are self-contained units of study, which are taught and assessed independently of each other. When a student passes a module, he (she) gains a credit. At the end of the term, the numbers of credits he (she) gains, determines the award you receive. Each module is continuously assessed by coursework and/or end-of-term examination.
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QUESTION: I wonder if you pay much attention to computing.
ANSWER: Well, British Universities have Computing Centres which offer a service based on a number of workstations and microcomputers. Access to computers is taken for granted by today's students.
QUESTION: My question concerns the languages, I mean foreign languages. Are geology students offered courses in foreign languages?
ANSWER: They are. Geology is usually taken in combination with one of the following: Classical Studies, German, French, Latin or Russian, etc. Besides, there are special language laboratories which are available for open access use by students. All international students who wish to attain greater fluency in English are offered the courses which provide for the systematic
Unit 7
development of the linguistic skills of students. Television programmes, either by direct transmission or by video recorder, can be used for formal classes or for private study in French, German, Russian, Latin, English as a foreign language, Spanish, Japanese as well as other languages.
QUESTION: Can you tell us a few words about students' life at British Universities?
ANSWER: Well, you have probably heard of Students' Unions looking after students' health and welfare. The university health service provides medical care for all the members of the university. The Students' Union is fully responsible for its members' needs which are controlled and run exclusively by students. I want to tell you one thing which can interest you. If you are a home student you may be entitled to apply for a Student Loan from the Student Loan Company. The loan may be taken out annually over the period of study and you will be expected to begin repayment on completion of the course provided you have obtained employment.
QUESTION: You've mentioned employment. In what areas can the graduates find a job?
ANSWER: Mainly in areas such as exploration, oil field services, geological mapping and mining, engineering geology and geotechnical engineering, environmental geology and hydrology and others.
QUESTION: What about sports and leisure?
ANSWER: I must say that most British Universities are famous for their football teams and rugby and cricket unions. There are Water Sports Centres with international rowing and canoeing facilities. Good facilities are provided for indoor and outdoor sports (hockey, cricket, table tennis, dance, aerobics, keep-fit, volleyball, basketball, etc.).
TEACHER: Thank you so much, Professor Morton. It looks like our time is up.
PROFESSOR It was a pleasure to meet you all. I wish you success MORTON: in your study of geology.
Выразите свое мнение по поводу обсуждаемой проблемы.
UNIT 8 Mining Methods
А. Грамматика
Текст А.
Б. Грамматика
Текст Б.
Условные предложения. General Information on Mining.
1. Многофункциональность глаголов to be и to have.
2. Отрицательные предложения.
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Methods of Working Bedded Deposits Underground.
В. Текст Б. Mining Thick Seams.
Дискуссия о проблемах горнодобывающей промышленности.
ГРАММАТИКА
Условные предложения
Придаточные предложения условия присоединяются к главному предложению при помощи союзов: if если, provided that при условии, что..., in case (that) в случае если, unless если не, on condition that при условии, что... и др. Придаточное предложение может предшествовать главному или следовать за ним.
Типы условных предложений
| Примеры и перевод | ||
| Три типа условных | ||
| предложений | Придаточное | Главное |
| предложение | предложение | |
| I. Предложения реально- | 1. If you feel could (now), | ГЦ close the window. |
| го условия. Действие от- | Если вам холодно | я закрою окно. |
| носится к настоящему | (сейчас), | |
| или будущему. В прида- | 2. If the weather Is cold | we'll stay at home. |
| точном предложении | tomorrow, | |
| глагол стоит в настоя- | Если завтра будет хо- | мы останемся дома. |
| щем времени, хотя обо- | лодная погода, | |
| значает будущее действие, в главном — в будущем. | 3. If conditions permit, Если условия позво- | the geologists will apply aerial prospecting, геологи проведут раз- |
| лят, | ведку с воздуха. |
Unit 8
Продолжение таблицы
II. Предложения нереального условия, относящиеся к настоящему или будущему. В придаточном предложении употребляется прошедшее время (выражающее нереальность действия или сомнение), в главном — would + инфинитив (также might, could)
4. If I bed a summer
cottage,
Если бы у меня была дача (у меня ее нет\),
5. If I was/were rich,
Если бы я разбогател,
6. If conditions permitted,
Если бы условия позволили,^^
I would/'d spend my
holidays in the country, я бы проводил отпуск в деревне.
I'd buy a new car. я купил бы новую машину.
the geologists could (might, would) apply
aerial prospecting, геологи провели бы разведку с воздуха.
III. Предложения нереального условия, относящиеся к прошедшему времени. Описывают действия или ситуации, не имевшие места. Употребление временных форм: Past Perfect в придаточном предложении, would + перфектный инфинитив — в главном.
7. If you had spoken
politely,
Если бы ты говорил(а) вежливо,
(Но ты говорил(а) невежливо, и он рассердился!)
8. If conditions had per
mitted,
Если бы условия позволили (вчера и т.п.), (Но этого не случилось, так как условия не позволили.)
He wouldn't have been
angry.
он бы не рассердился.
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the geologists would have applied aerial prospecting, геологи применили бы разведку с воздуха.
ПРЕДТЕКСТОВЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
1. Прочитайте вслух следующие слова:
[э:] — broad, 'broadly, sought, floor, to'ward, call
[э] — 'quarry, 'problem, ^co'nomical, Across-'section, 'crosscut
[i:] — be'neath, 'speaking, peat, in'crease, im'medkte
[i] — pit, 'mineral, 'building, 'distance, 'driven
[л] — pro'duction, pro'ductive, oc'currence, re'covery, 'govern,
a'bove, 'function
[ae] — mass, 'tabular, 'barren, gas, 'shallow
[ai] — blind, type, 'widespread, des'cribe
[ou]— 'process, coal, mode, slope, 'sloping
[еэ] — com'pare, pre'pare, 'vary, 'various
2. Прочитайте следующие слова и сочетания слов 1-2 раза про себя,
затем вслух и постарайтесь запомнить их.
ассем [ 'ekses] n доступ
affect [a'fekt] v воздействовать (на barren ['beran] а непродуктив-
что-л.); влиять; syn Influence ный; пустой (о породе)
UnitS
cbute [Ju:tJ я скат, спуск; угле-спускная выработка; жёлоб
compare [кэт'рБэ] v (with) сравнивать, проводить параллель
contribute [kan'tnbju:t) v способствовать, содействовать; делать вклад (в науку); make a (one's) ~ to smth. сделать вклад во что-л.
cross-section [,kros'sek/(a)n] я поперечное сечение, поперечный разрез, профиль
develop [di'velap] v разрабатывать (месторождение); развивать (добычу); производить подготовительные работы; development л подготовительные работы; развитие добычи; развитие
drift [drift] я штрек, горизонтальная выработка
ensure [in'JUa] v обеспечивать, гарантировать; syn guarantee
face [feis] я забой; лава
floor [Пэ:] л почва горной выработки, почва пласта (жилы); quarry ~ подошва карьера; пол, настил
govern ('длу(э)п] v править, управлять; руководить; определять, обусловливать
Inclination [,inkll'neij(3)n] л уклон, скат, наклон (пластов); наклонение; seam ~ падение (пласта); наклон (пласта)
Incline [in'klam] л уклон, бремсберг, скат; наклонный ствол; gravity ~ бремсберг
Inclined [in'klamd] а наклонный; flatly ~ слабо наклонный; gently ~
наклонного падения; median ~ умеренно наклонный (о пластах); steeply ~ крутопадающий
level I'levl] л этаж, горизонт, горизонтальная горная выработка; штольня; уровень (инструмент); нивелир; ватерпас; горизонтальная поверхность
recover [п'КлУэ] v извлекать (целики); выбирать, очищать; добывать (уголь и т.п.); восстанавливать
remove [n'mu:v] v удалять; убирать; устранять; перемещать; removal л вскрыша; выемка; уборка (породы); извлечение (крепи); перемещение; overburden - удаление вскрыши
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rib [nb] я ребро; выступ; узкий целик, предохранительный целик; грудь забоя
roof [ra:f] л крыша; кровля выработки; кровля пласта (или жилы); перекрытие; ~ support крепление кровли
shaft [fa:ft] л шахтный ствол; auxiliary [э:д'ziljari] ~ вспомогательный ствол; hoisting ~ подъемный ствол; главный шахтный ствол
tabular fUebjula] а пластовый (о месторождении); пластообраз-ный; плоский; линзообразный; syn bedded,layered
waste [weist] л пустая порода; отходы; syn barren rock
well [wel] л буровая скважина; колодец, источник; водоем; зумф
capital investment капитальные вложения
gate road промежуточный штрек
in bulk навалом, в виде крупных кусков
metal-bearing содержащий металл
production face/working очистной забой
productive mining эксплуатационные работы
In view of ввиду чего-л., принимая во внимание что-л.
with a view to с целью
3. Определите по словообразовательным элементам (суффиксам в префиксам), какой частью речи являются следующие слова. Переведите их:
research — researcher — researching
UnitS
consider — consideration — considerable
observe — observation
require — requirement
fame — famous
ferrous — non-ferrous
incline — inclined — inclination
4. Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:
weak roof bad roof roof control roof fall
the floor of a working hard floor barren sand test wells gas wells slope conveyer gently sloping deposit dust removal metallic substance direct access to the deposit oil shale
ensuring access to the deposit from the surface
loose roof
roof conditions
roof exposure
the floor of a seam
floor sampling
barren'rock
barren ore
exploratory wells
oil wells
slope working
removing a mineral-bearing substance
overburden removal
the immediate extraction of useful
mineral recovery steeply inclined seams
5. Определите значения выделенных слов по сходству их корней с кор
нями соответствующих слов в русском языке:
the term "mining"; non-metallic minerals; the tendency in mining; the exploitation of lower-grade metal-bearing substances; the type of mining; the problem of depth; the mining method; the metal-bearing mass; yertical and horizontal mine workings; to vary in shape, dimensions, location and function; to classify mine workings
6. Определите значение слова drive в контексте:
1. Sloping exploratory shafts are usually driven in the mineral.
They produce mineral during driving and it can be sampled and
tested.
2. One of the main parts of a mining machine is the drive which
can work either on compressed air or electricity.
3. Many miners can drive combines which are widely used un
derground now. They are called combine drivers.
7. Прочитайте текст А. Найдите в тексте абзац, в котором говорится о
горных выработках и их назначении:
192_______________________________________________ Unit 8
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