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UNIT III. CHASSIS. Vocabualry. 1. Look at the terms in the box and guess their meanings. 2. Learn the words and translate their derivatives
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UNIT III. CHASSIS
Vocabualry
1. Look at the terms in the box and guess their meanings
| position, assembly, final, unit, pedal, speed, disc, press, cylinder, manual |
2. Learn the words and translate their derivatives
depend (v) – зависеть – depending, dependable, independent, independently
engage - включать в зацепление; сцеплять - disengage, engaged, engaging
flywheel – маховик
friction – трение – frictional
friction clutch – фрикционное сцепление
operate – работать, управлять – operation, operating, operated, operator
surface - поверхность
torque – крутящий момент
3. Read the sentences translating the Russian words into English
1. When clutch is in сцепленное position, the engine power is transmitted
through it.
2. The brakes transmit the force to the tires using трение, and the tires transmit that force to the road also using трение.
3. Most automatic transmissions use a hydraulic torque converter (гидротрансформатор), a device for transmitting and amplifying the крутящий момент produced by the engine.
4. Маховик is a rotating mechanical device that is used to store rotational energy.
5. Brakes работаютon all four wheels.
6. Lever is a stick that you move to управлять something.
7. Disc brakes are the brakes that work when the driver presses two hard поверхности against a disc in the centre of a car wheel.
8. Modern suspension systems are designed to make driving conditions on any road поверхность comfortable.
9. A fuel tank often contains some metal plates, which are connected to the inner поверхность of the tank parallel to the ends.
10. The vehicle speeds зависит on the position of the accelerator pedal.
11. The clutch is a friction device сцепляющий the engine with the gears of the gearbox.
4. Read the texts (A, B) and fill in the blanks with the words from the box
A
The Clutch
| flywheel, depends, friction, surface x2, engaged operated |
Some type of clutch is found in every car. The clutch may be 1_____________ by means of a foot pedal, or it may be automatic or semi-automatic. The 2____________ clutch and the fluid coupling are the two basic varieties. The friction clutch, which 3__________ on the contact between the engine and transmission, consists of: the rear 4___________ of the flywheel; the driving plate (ведущий диск), mounted to rotate with the 5___________; and the driven plate, between the other two. When the clutch is 6___________, the driving plate presses the driven plate against the rear 7_____________ of the flywheel. Engine power is then delivered through the contacting surfaces to the transmission.
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B
Brakes
| depending, depends, operation x2 |
Brakes are used to slow or stop the car where it is necessary. It is one of the most important mechanisms of the car as on its proper 1____________ the safety of passengers 2___________. Car brakes can be divided into two types, namely: drum brakes and disc brakes. The drum type may be either a band brake or a shoe brake. 3___________ on their functions, the automobile has foot brakes and hand brakes (parking brakes). According to their mode of 4_____________, the brakes are classified as: mechanical brakes, hydraulic brakes, air brakes, electric brakes. Brakes are controlled by the brake pedal.
5. Read and translate the sentences
1. The chassis includes the running gear, the power transmission and the steering mechanism.
2. The power transmission consists of the clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.
3. The clutch connects the engine with the driving wheels.
4. The gearbox changes the speed of the car movement.
5. The steering mechanism changes the direction of the car
6. Match the two halves of the sentences
| 1. differential | a) wheel that, while turning, regulates the speed of the engine |
| 2. clutch | b) mechanism that transmits mechanical power to the wheels |
| 3. rear axle | c) mechanism used to turn the wheels at different speeds |
| 4. gearbox | d) bar that crosses the bottom rear part of a vehicle; the rear wheels are attached to its ends |
| 5. steering system | e) mechanism that slows or stops the car |
| 6. transmission | f) mechanism used to guide the car |
| 7. brakes | g) mechanism used to engage or disengage the engine with gearbox |
| 8. flywheel | h) mechanism that changed the speed of the car movement |
Grammar: translation of attribute noun groups
| Атрибутивные словосочетания играют особую роль в общей системе языка, поскольку они описывают качества, свойства, признаки, присущие тому или иному предмету. Ключевое слово всегда стоит последним. Первый член такого атрибутивного словосочетания может передаваться на русский язык: a) прилагательным: passenger car - пассажирский автомобиль; b) существительным в родительном падеже: internal combustion engine–двигатель внутреннего сгорания c) существительным с предлогом: four-horsepower engine – двигатель в четыре лошадиных силы |
7. Read the explanation in the Grammar reference. Read and translate the noun groups and the text
power transmission, rear wheels, propeller shaft, rear axle, axle shafts, friction surfaces, friction force, clutch pedal, drive shaft, brake pedal, power plant, fuel system, friction device, car springs, vehicle structure, vehicle systems and components, transmission components, automobile engine, spring pressure, friction disk, car speed
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A car has two brake sets: the hand or emergency brake and the foot brake. The emergency brake generally operates on the rear wheels only. The foot brake in modern cars is always of the four-wheel type, operating on all wheels. Hydraulic brakes on cars and hydraulic vacuum, air, or power brakes on lorries apply the braking force to the wheels with much less force on the brake pedal than is required with ordinary mechanical brakes.
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