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3. Choose the correct translation of the words
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3. Choose the correct translation of the words
a) equipment – оборудовать, оборудование, оборудованный
b) improving – улучшать, усовершенствованный, улучшающий
c) force – сила, толкать, форсированный
d) application – применять, срабатывать, применение, использующий
e) divider – делить, разделенный, деление, делитель
f) compressing – сжимающий, сжимаемый, компрессор, сжатие
g) safely – безопасный, безопасность, безопасно
h) classification – классифицировать, классифицированный,
классификация
i) delivery – доставлять, доставка, доставленный, доставляющий
4. Read texts A and B choosing the correct form of the word in brackets
A
Brakes
It is not necessary to explain the (important/importance) of brakes. It is clear that without brakes the car is quite (helpless/helpful). They must be (good/well) and (strongly/strong) made. It is necessary to give them close and careful attention. There are two sets of brakes, one for ordinary service, (calling/called) the service brakes, and theother for emergency use, called the emergency brakes. Sometimes both service and emergency brakes are (mounted/mounts) inside the same drum. Sometimes one is outside and the other – inside. The service brake (is /was) operated by a pedal. The emergency brake is (operating/operated) by a lever.
B
A car has two sets of brakes: the hand or emergency brake and the foot or service brake. The emergency brake(general/generally) operates on the rear wheels only. The foot brake in modern cars is always of the four-wheel type, (operating/operated) on all wheels. Hydraulic brakes on cars and air brakes on trucks (apply/applies) the braking force to the wheels with much less force on the brake pedal (then/than) is required with ordinary mechanical brakes.
5. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the correct form of the words in bold
| 1. Brake shoes, with linings (накладки) are __________ | situate |
| 2. inside brake drums. ____________ drums revolve | this |
| 3. with the wheel. When pressure is __________ | apply |
| 4. to the brake pedal, the fluid in the ________ system | brake |
| 5. ________ the brake shoes outward until the linings | force |
| 6. _________ into contact with the inside of the drum | coming |
| 7. and _______________ it to stop. | forced |
6. Read and translate noun groups
master cylinder, car frame, wheel cylinders, brake pedal, brake fluid, brake shoes, brake drums, air brake, rear wheels, drum brakes, band brakes, disk brakes, shoe brake, brake shoes, brake fluid, piston movement, hand brake=emergency brake, foot brake=service brake, brake way
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7. Find and correct mistakes in the following sentences
1. – What is it?
– This is a drum brakes.
2. – Are the master cylinder full of brake liquid?
– Yes, its is.
3. This disk brake are new.
4. These are a pair of brake pads.
5. Is there a box of nuts?
6. These is a brake lights.
7. Are this wheel cylinders?
Grammar: conjunctions both … and, either … or
8. Read the explanation in the Grammar reference. Read and translate the sentences
1. Both drivers and front-seat passengers are obliged to wear seat-belts.
2. On the rear wheels either drum brakes or disc brakes can be used.
3. The power train includes either manual or automatic transmission.
4. In automobiles, the transmission is either automatic or manual.
5. In modern automobiles both automatic and manual transmissions are used.
6. Kinetic energy is simply the energy an object possesses because it has both mass and velocity (speed in a certain direction).
7. The brakes used to stop a vehicle while driving are known as the service brakes, which are either a disc or drum brake.
8. Fluid coupling may be used either with or without the friction clutch.
9. Fluid coupling may be used either with or without the friction clutch.
10. The electrical system is a part of both chassis and body.
9. Read the text and the questions. To which questions there are no answers?
Brake System
Brakes
Brakes are used to slow or stop the car where it is necessary. It is one of the most important mechanisms of the car as upon its proper operation the safety of passengers depends. Car brakes can be divided into two types, namely: drum brakes and disc brakes. The drum type may be either a band brake or a shoe brake.
Depending on their functions, the automobile has foot brakes and hand brakes (parking brakes). According to their mode of operation, the brakes are classified as: mechanical brakes, hydraulic brakes, air brakes, electric brakes.
Brakes are controlled by the brake pedal.
Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. This system consists of a master (основной) cylinder mounted on the car frame and wheel cylinders. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, it forces the piston to move in the master cylinder and brake fluid is delivered from master cylinder to the wheel cylinders. The piston movement causes brake shoes to move and the brakes are applied (the brake shoes are pressed against the brake drums).
The air brake uses compressed air to apply the braking force to the brake shoes.
Electric brakes use electromagnets to provide the braking effort against the
brake shoes.
Formerly brakes were applied only to the two rear wheels, but now all cars are equipped with all-wheels brakes, operated by a hydraulic system. The front brakes play a greater part in stopping the car than the rear ones, because braking throws the car weight forward on to the front wheels. Many cars therefore have disc brakes, which are generally more efficient, at the front and drum brakes at the rear.
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1. What is the function of the brakes?
2. What types are brakes divided into?
3. What are the main types of drum brakes?
4. What are the main types of disc brakes?
5. What brakes are there according to their mode of operation?
6. How many types of foot brakes are in use nowadays?
7. What braking systems are used today?
8. What mechanism controls the brakes?
9. Where is the master cylinder mounted?
10. What principle does the air brake operate on?
11. Where are brake shoes mounted?
12. Are two-wheels or four-wheels brakes applied on modern vehicle?
13. Why are rear wheels brakes so important?
14. What type of brakes is more efficient?
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