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What is the meaning of the word “too” in the following sentences?
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What is the meaning of the word “too” in the following sentences?
1. Aluminium is not suitable for the engine cylinders as it is too soft to wear well.
2. If the combustible fuel-air mixture is compressed too much, it gets so hot that it will ignite by itself.
3. Crankcase serves as the lubricating system too.
4. Automobiles generally have four-, six-, or eight-cylinder engines, althoughtwo-cylinder and twelve-cylinder engines are available too.
5. If there is too much petrol - a condition which is known as a ‘rich’ mixture - it will not be completely burnt.
6. If there is too little petrol - a ‘weak’ mixture - there will be some oxygen that is left over and this results in poor engine performance.
7. There were several V-type models and horizontally opposed too.
8. If there is unburnt fuel remaining and no oxygen, the mixture is said to be too rich.
9. If the compression ratio is too high, the burning will not be progressive.
10. If the spark plugs are dirty, clean them, and if the gap in a spark plug is too narrow or too wide, adjust it to the correct width.
11. Many inventors were building steam engines and James Watt worked on them too.
7. In this text some lines contain a word that should not be there. Decide which lines contain them and correct
1. If you have an old vehicle, the engine a block
2. may need a repair. There are a many components
3. in an engine block, all of which whom may need
4. some repair work. Generally, asymptoms
5. vary and different repair steps need to be
6. considered for by each part of the engine block.
8. Read the title of the text and guess what the text is about.
Look through the text and guess the meanings of the underlined words.
For questions 1-7 read the text and decide which answer a), b), c) best fits each space
What Can Go Wrong
You go out one morning and your engine turns over but does not start… What could be wrong? Now that you know how an engine works, you can understand the basic things that can prevent an engine from running. Three main things can happen: a bad fuel mix, lack of compression or lack of spark. Thousands of minor things can also create problems, but these are the “big three”.
A bad fuel mix can occur in several ways:
∙ you are out of gasoline, so the engine is getting air but not fuel;
∙ the air intake valve may be clogged, so there is fuel but not enough air;
∙ the fuel system may supply too much or too little fuel to the mix, meaning that combustion 1) does not occur properly; 2) there may be an impurity in the fuel (like water in the gasoline tank) that makes the fuel not burn.
If the charge of air and fuel cannot be compressed properly, the combustion process will not work like it should. Lack of compression may occur for these reasons:
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∙ your piston rings are worn out, allowing air and fuel to leak past the piston during compression;
∙ the intake or exhaust valves are not sealed properly, again allowing a leak during compression;
∙ there is a hole in the cylinder.
The most common “hole” in a cylinder occurs where the cylinder head holding the valves and spark plug is connected to the cylinder. Generally, the cylinder and the cylinder head bolt together with a thin gasket pressed between them to provide a good seal. If the gasket breaks down, small holes develop between the cylinder and cylinder head, and these holes cause leaks.
The spark may not be produced or may be weak for a number of reasons:
∙ if your spark plug or the wire leading to it is worn out, the spark will be weak;
∙ if the wire is cut or missing, or if the system that sends a spark down the wire is not working properly, there will be no spark;
∙ if the spark occurs either too early or too late in the cycle, the fuel will not ignite at the right time, and this can cause all sorts of problems.
1. There are _____________ main problems that prevent an engine from running.
a) thousands;
b) a number of;
c) three
2. The air-fuel mixture doesn’t form properly if the supply of one of the components _________
a) does not occur;
b) occurs from time to time;
c) occurs too quickly
3. The combustible mixture doesn’t burn because there is __________in the fuel.
a) too little water;
b) too much air;
c) an impurity
4. Another reason that prevents an engine from running is __________.
a) clogged air gap;
b) improper compression;
c) too fast compression
5. The main reason for lack of compression is a leak ____________.
a) of fuel only;
b) of gases or air only;
c) air or fuel
6. The “hole” in the cylinder occurs because of _____________.
a) too thick gasket;
b) broken gasket;
c) wrong size of the gasket.
7. If the spark doesn’t occur or is weak, this causes _____________.
a) many problems;
b) one main problem;
c) no problems.
9. Read the text. Arrange the paragraphs according to the plan
a. Engine Problems
b. Bad fuel mix
c. Lack of compression
d. Lack of spark
| If the third stroke does not occur, it is because there is an issue in compression of the air and fuel mixture. This could occur of the piston rings are not properly sealed and the fuel necessary for combustion enters the piston, the valves are not closing during combustion, or there is a hole elsewhere in the cylinder that usually appear between the cylinder and the cylinder head in a gasket the seals the cylinder. A hole here will result in fuel leaking into the cylinder. |
| Essentially, either the engine is getting too much of or not enough air or fuel which will result in an incomplete combustion process. This could be caused by running out of gas, a clogged valve, an impurity in the fuel, or some other problem in the fuel system. |
| This is an electrical issue. If anywhere along the spark plug including the wires that connects it, there is a fault, the plug will result in either a weak spark a late spark or no spark at all. |
| One of three issues is likely the root cause of engine trouble: lack of a spark, compression, or a bad fuel mix. |
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