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Crime and punishment
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IELTS VOCABULARY BY TOPICS
Table of Contents
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT......... 3
MEDIA AND ADVERTISING........ 8
THE ENVIRONMENT.................... 14
BUSINESS AND MONEY............... 20
GOVERNMENT............................... 25
SPORT AND EXERCISE................ 30
SPACE EXPLORATION................. 35
IELTS VOCABULARY BY TOPICS
CRIME AND PUNISHMENT
1. crime of passion
Meaning: refers to a crime, especially murder, caused by sexual jealousy
Example: People who carry out crimes of passion often regret their actions later, when they reflect on what they have done.
2. to serve a prison sentence
Meaning: to carry out confinement in prison as a punishment
Example: They are serving long prison sentences for their part in the assassination.
3. to turn to crime/ drugs
Meaning: To start committing crimes or using drugs.
Example: During periods of high youth unemployment, some youngsters turn to crime to obtain money.
4. to be tough on crime
Meaning: To punish crime severely
Example: The crime rate is likely to fall if governments take strong measures to be tough on crime.
5. to contest the verdict
Meaning: not agree with the decision of the jury after the trial of a case
Example: In many countries, the accused person has the right to contest the verdict which was reached in the court.
6. to take into consideration
Meaning: to think about a particular fact or detail and allow it to have some influence when you are making a decision
Example: The previous criminal records of those who are found guilty must be taken into consideration when a sentence is passed.
IELTS VOCABULARY BY TOPICS
7. to reintegrate back into society/ community
Meaning: to restore someone through education or therapy
Example: There is an increasing focus among policy-makers and practitioners on identifying programs and strategies that will help prisoners successfully reintegrate back into their communities without re-offending.
8. to be soft on crime
Meaning: not to impose strict punishments on offenders
Example: In order to deter criminals effectively, governments must not follow policies which are soft on crime.
9. a policy of zero tolerance
Meaning: a policy of applying laws very strictly, so that every illegal action is punished, even if it is not very serious
Example: I would argue that the most effective way to reduce crime is to implement a policy of zero tolerance.
10. a chance of rehabilitation
Meaning: a chance of helping someone to have a normal life after serving a prison sentence
Example: We should give ex-offerders a chance of rehabilitation and teach them how to become useful members of society.
11. to embark on something
Meaning: To start something new
Example: Young people sometimes embark on a life of crime as a result of the bad influence of criminals whom they know.
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12. to make a fresh start
Meaning: to try something new after making mistakes in one’s life
Example: I believe that people should have the opportunity to make a fresh start after they are released from prison.
IELTS VOCABULARY BY TOPICS
13. to act as a deterrent
Meaning: a measure which makes somebody less likely to do something
Example: Longer prison sentences would act as a deterrent and would be one useful measure to tackle rising crime.
14. to release back into society.
Meaning: to give freedom to prisoners who have finished their sentences.
Example: He was released back into society after serving two years of a five-year sentence.
15. corporal punishment
Meaning: to punish by physically harming the offender
Example: Many schools have abandoned the policy of corporal punishment for children who misbehave and prefer to give extra work or detention after school instead.
16. drug trafficking
Meaning: importing and selling illegal drugs
Example: Some people argue that legalising drugs would put an end to the evil of drug trafficking and the violence associated with it.
17. a non-custodial sentence
Meaning: a sentence which is not served in prison
Example: There is a wide range of non custodial sentences which a court may give to offenders, including: fines, probation orders or community service orders.
18. to be found guilty
Meaning: the court decided that the person did commit the crime
Example: If people are found guilty of committing serious offences, heavy punishments should be imposed.
IELTS VOCABULARY BY TOPICS
19. the full weight of the law
Meaning: all the strictest punishments available according to the laws of a country.
Example: In order to deter crime, the full weight of the law must be imposed for all serious offences.
20. to impose a ban on sth
Meaning: to enforce an official rule which says that something is not allowed
Example: Most governments have imposed a ban on the sale of tobacco to those aged under 16.
21. to convict a criminal
Meaning: to find an offender guilty and to punish them
Example: Once the courts have convicted a criminal, the punishment should be severe.
22. law-abiding citizens
Meaning: people who obey and respect the law
Example: The government could take some effective steps to protect law-abiding citizens.
23. to enforce the law
Meaning: to make sure that the law is obeyed
Example: The role of the police and the courts is to enforce the law.
24. capital punishment
Meaning: punishment by death
Example: In some states of America, those who commit murder are sometimes sentenced to capital punishment.
25. forensic evidence
Meaning: connected with the scientific tests conducted by the police when investigating a crime
Example: Modern police methods include the use of forensic evidence, such as DNA samples, to investigate crimes.
IELTS VOCABULARY BY TOPICS
26. to install surveillance cameras
Meaning: to put cameras in a place where a crime is likely to be committed
Example: The security company has installed surveillance cameras at all the entrances and exits of the shopping mall.
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27. to put on probation
Meaning: to make a convicted person see an official at regular intervals to check on their good behavior, as an alternative to going to prison
Example: The young offender was put on probation, as his crime was not serious enough to send him to prison.
28. to punish wrongdoers
Meaning: to punish people who do something illegal
Example: Stricter measures must be introduced by governments to punish wrongdoers.
29. to arrest suspects
Meaning: to stop and hold people who the police think may have committed a crime
Example: The government should give the police greater powers to arrest suspects.
30. the letter of the law
Meaning: the exact wording of the law, without considering any excuses
Example: I believe that the courts must apply the strict letter of the law and impose the harshest possible sentences on criminals.
IELTS VOCABULARY BY TOPICS
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