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Exercise 2. One student reads one of the following phrases and the student sitting next to him replies immediately.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Разговорные формулы

Практикум для студентов,

обучающихся по программам бакалавриата

по всем направлениям в сельскохозяйственном вузе

Часть 1

 

 

Составители: О. И. Кайдалова,

В.М. Литвинова,

О.Б. Кулева.

 

Ижевск

ФГБОУ ВПО Ижевская ГСХА

 

УДК

ББК

 

 

Практикум составлен на основе Государственного образовательного стандарта высшего профессионального образования.

Рассмотрен и рекомендован к изданию редакционно-издательским советом ФГБОУ ВПО Ижевской ГСХА, протокол №3 от «17» апреля 2012г.

 

Рецензент:

Г.А. Тронина – канд.филол. наук, доцент кафедры стилистики и перевода ИИЯЛ УдГУ

В.М. Громова – канд.филол.наук, доцент кафедры лингвистики и межкультурной коммуникации ФПИЯ УдГУ

 

 

Составители:

О. И. Кайдалова – канд. филол.наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков

В.М. Литвинова – канд.филол.наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков

О.Б. Кулева – ст.преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков

 

 

Английский язык. Разговорные формулы: Практикум /сост.

О.И. Кайдалова [и др.] – Ижевск: ФГБОУ ВПО Ижевская ГСХА, 2012. – 56 с.

 

Практикум предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по программам бакалавриата по всем направлениям в сельскохозяйственном вузе. Данное пособие направлено на формирование основных умений и навыков владения иностранным языком на основе профессионального и лингвокультурного подходов.

 

УДК

ББК

 

 

© ФГБОУ ВПО Ижевская ГСХА, 2012

© Кайдалова О.И. и др., составление, 2012

I. F O R MS 0 F ADDRESS

 

1. Discussion

When addressing people in English we usually call our friends by their first name, for example, John or Mary. If we are speaking to someone whom we know less we use "Mr./Mrs./Miss" followed "by the surname, for example:

Mr. Brown - to a man;

Mrs. Brown - to a married woman; Miss Brown - to a girl or unmarried woman.

Other forms of address are: Sir and Madam

' Sir', “Madam” - these words are rarely used as a polite form of address to a stranger unless the person who is speaking knows that the stranger holds some form of position worthy of that description. Between ordinary people to use 'Sir' would be regarded as something comical unless that is the impression you want to give with a twinkle in your eye or to break the ice between you. It wouldn’t be used unless you knew the other person well and you wanted to be funny as the response would be a joking comment. In other words stick to 'Excuse me please' or 'Can you help me please?'.

- Doctor - used alone only to medical practitioners. When addressing a person with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Science, for example, the sur­name is always included, for example, Dr.Brown.

- Professor - used either, with or without the surname, depending on how formal or informal one wishes to be. (Simply "Professor" is more formal.)

- General/Colonel/Captain, etc. - also used either with or without the surname.

- Ladies and Gentlemen – to an audience.

- Mr./Madam Chairman – to thechairman of a meeting

 

2. Practice Section

Exercise 1. Choose the best answer.

1. When you address a middle-aged man whose name you do not know, you say:

a. Mister; b. Sir; c. Excuse me, please.

 

2. If it is a woman, you say:

a. Madam; b. Lady; c. Missus.

 

3. If you want to address a visiting English teacher called Helen Parker, aged 25-30 (unmarried), you call her:

a. Helen; b. Miss Helen; c. Miss Parker.

 

Exercise 2. How would you address the following people?

1) A girl of 18, not married (Judy Brown;

2) A married woman with two children, aged 35 (Elsie Smith);

3) A university professor (David Clark);

4) Your English teacher;

5) Doctor who is examining you (Stephen Powell);

6) A man with a PhD (Richard Haze);

7) Your father;

8) Your uncle;

9) A friend of your own age (Peter Bennett);

10) Peter Bennett's father/mother;

11) The director of the company you work for Alan Nott);

12) An older colleague (David Chambers).

 

II. A TTRACTING ATTENTION

 

1. Discussion

The most common way of attracting attention is “Excuse me (please)”. This is used in a wide variety of situations, for example:

- when addressing a stranger in the street or other public place;

e.g. Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the station?

- in shops, restaurants, etc. to attract the attention of an assistant, waiter, etc.

e.g. Excuse me, please. How much is this sweater?

- at a lesson or meeting to attract the attention of the teacher or speaker

e.g. Excuse me. May I ask a question?

- at work, when someone is busy and you have to interrupt him;

e.g. Excuse me, Mr Walker. Mr Davis is asking for you on the telephone.

Other expressions used to attract attention in cer­tain situations are:

May/Can I have your attention, please? - used to attract the attention of a group of people who are talking among themselves, for example, a group of tourists or delegates to a conference, in order to make an announcement, etc.

Attention, please. - used to introduce official announcements, for example, at airports and in other public places, especially over a loudspeaker.

I say - sometimes used in a conversation to draw partic­ular attention to the sentence which follows. Ad­dressed more often to groups of people than to individuals.

e.g. I say. Have you seen this notice? It says the concert has been cancelled.

Look here! - used to attract someone's attention to something of which you disapprove, often indignant.

e.g. Look here! You cant leave your luggage in the corridor.

'Look here' is rarely used now

Just a minute. - used to someone who is going away before you think he should (You still have southing to say to him.) or to stop someone in the.middle of what he is saying in order to voice an objection.

e.g. Just a minute! You haven’t given me your address.

An alternative to 'Just a minute' is 'Hang on' or 'Hey'.

Hey! - used either to express indignation or to warn someone quickly of some danger (for example, an ap­proaching car). If used simply to attract attention it is rude, or at least familiar,

e.g. a. Hey! There's a car coming. b. Hey! Those seats are reserved.

Look/Watch out! - to warn someone of danger.

e.g. Look out! There's a hole in the pavement.

Mind...! - meaning “be careful (of)”

e.g. a. “Mind the step!” = Be careful not to fall down it.

b. Mind your head! = Be careful not to bump your head, for example, on a low ceiling.

 

2. Practice Section

 

Exercise 1. Make the following questions into polite requests for information, addressed to a stranger, intro­duced by "Excuse me (please)".

Model: How do I get to the post office?

Excuse me, please. Could you tell me how to get to the post office?

or: Excuse me. Could you tell me how …, please?

1. How do I get to the British Museum?

2. Where is the nearest chemist?

3. What time is it?

4. Does this bus go to the centre?

5. Is there a greengrocer's near here?

6. How can I get to Oxford Street?

7. What time does this train leave?

8. Where is the nearest cafe?

9. Does Mr. Bailey live here?

10. Is this seat free?

 

Exercise 2.What would you say if:

1) You want to ask the receptionist at your hotel a question but she is talking to someone else?

2) You see a woman about to step in front of a car?

3) You want to ask a shop assistant if you can try a dress on?

4) A man who has asked to look at your newspaper walks off with it?

5) You want to ask a question at a meeting?

6) You have an interesting piece of news to tell your fellow-students?

7) You have to tell a group of tourists that the time of an excursion has been changed?

8) You want to ask a fellow-passenger when the train arrives in Moscow?

9) You see a tall man walking towards a low doorway?
10) You want the waiter to bring the bill?

 

III. INTRODUCTIONS

 

1. Discussion

A person performing an introduction in a formal sit­uation says, for example:

- Johnson, may I introduce Mr. Bentley? Mr.Bentley – Mr. Johnson.

Less formal alternatives to “may I introduce… “? are (in order of decreasing formality):

Let me introduce …

I’d like to introduce …

I’d like you to meet …

This is …

Meet … - (mainly American)

It is not always necessary to repeat the names as in the example given at the beginning. In informal situat­ions this is never done.

The two people who have been introduced both say:

How do you do? - in formal and semi-formal situations;

Hallo - in informal situations.

In formal situations English people sometimes shake hands - when introduced, but do not bow.

Two phrases often used before introducing someone are:

Have you met …?

I don't think you've met …

e.g. Have you met my sister?

I don't think you've met my sister.

If you have to introduce yourself, you may say, for example:

May I introduce myself? My name's Simon Dalton.

I'm your guide. -

This is formal style. Less formal is "Let me introduce myself".

Note that "Mr./Mrs./Miss" should not be used when in­troducing oneself (but only when addressing other people, or speaking about them). Either the first name and surname are used together, as in the above example, or, in informal situations, simply the first name.

e.g. My name's Simon, or: I'm Simon. - This implies that you expect to be addressed by your first name.

When introducing a guest speaker to an audience, one may say, for example:

Ladies and Gentlemen, I have great pleasure in introducing Professor Hornby.

 

Illustrative Dialogues

1. At a Conference (formal)

Mr. Cox: Mr Steel, I'd like to introduce David Ward, a colleague of

mine. (To Mr Ward) Mr Steel, from Bristol University.

Mr. Ward: How do you do?

Mr. Steel: How do you do?

Mr. W:Are you finding the conference interesting?

Mr. S: Yes, there have been some very good papers. I find the discussions very useful, too.

2. At the Theatre (formal)

Mrs. Briggs: Mrs Hammond, I'd like you to meet my hus­band.

Mrs. H: How do you do?

Mr. B: How do you do?

Mrs. H: Are you enjoying the play?

Mr. B: Yes, it's a very interesting production.

3. At an Exhibition (semi-formal, informal)

Mary: Mother, this is my friend Ann.

Mrs. Jay: Hallo, Ann.

Ann: Hallo, Mrs Jay.

Mrs. Jay: What do you think of the exhibition?

Ann: It's even better than I expected.

4. At a Party (informal)

Bill: Rosemary, this is my brother Stephen.

Rosemary: Hallo, Stephen.

Stephen: Hallo. Having a good time?

Rosemary: Yes. Its the best party I've been to for ages.

Stephen I'm enjoying the music.

5. At Work (formal)

Mr. Pratt: Good morning, Mr Dawes. How are you?

Mr. Dawes: Very well, thank you. How are you?

Mr. Pratt: Fine, thanks. I don't think you've met my secretary. (To his secretary) This is Mr Dawes. This is Miss Lloyd.

Mr. Dawes: How do you do?

Miss Lloyd: How do you do?

 

2. Practice Section

Exercise 1. Choose the right answer.

1. When you are introduced to someone in a formal sit­uation you say:

a. Hallo. b. How do you do? c. Pleased to meet you.

2. When someone says “How do you do? you reply:

a. How do you do? b. Very well, thank you.

c. The same to you.

3. If you do not know whether it is necessary to intro­duce two people, it is best to ask one of them:

a. Are you acquainted? b. Do you know Mr Brent? c. Have you met Mr Brent?

Exercise 2. Make up sentences using one item from each column. Make sure that all the items in one sentence are of the same degree of formality.

Mr. Taylor Let me introduce   our visiting lectur­er, Dr Miller
Mrs. Bond I’d like to introduce   my sister Janet
Professor Heed Id like you to meet   my English teacher, Miss Sullivan
Peter This is     a friend of mine, Alan Binns
Helen Meet my cousin Margaret  
Father   some of my colleagues
     

 

Exercise 3. Introduce the following people:

1) A friend to your mother;

2) A fellow-student to an English visitor (Robert Lord);

3) A guest speaker (Andrew Dent) to his audience;

4) Yourself to a group of tourists to whom you are to act as a guide;

5) A friend of your own age to an elderly neighbour;

6) A colleague (Janet Sutton) to your husband/wife;

7) Yourself to a visiting lecturer (Dr Graham Pegg) after the lecture (You want to ask a question);

8) Your sister to a fellow-student;
9) Your parents to your English teacher;

10) One guest at your party (Rachel West, aged 25, un­married)

to another (Linda Coleman, aged 30, married) (a) formally, (b)

informally.

 

Exercise 4. Make up your own dialogues based on those given below.

(i)

-Wendy, I’d like to introduce my friend Sam.

-How do you do?

-How do you do?

-What are your first impressions of England?

-It’s quite different from what I expected. It’s much colder here than it is at home.

-Never mind, you’ll be all right in a week or two.

(ii)

-Mrs. Hughes, this is Peter Brown.

-How do you do?

-How do you do?

-How do you find things over here?

-If it wasn’t for the climate, I’d like it very much.

-It won’t take you long to get used to it.

 

IV.GREETINGS and INQUIRIES

ABOUT HEALTH

 

1. Discussion

When you already know someone, the following greet­ings should be used:

Good morning - until lunch-time (12 - 2 p.m.)

Good afternoon - until 5-6 p.m.

Good evening - until 10 - 11 p.m.

"Good night" is not a greeting but a wish. "Good day" is not a greeting either.

Morning/Afternoon/Evening - semi-formal.

Used, for ex­ample, to neighbours, colleagues and other people whom one sees regularly but does not know well.

Hallo - semi-formal, informal

“Hi” is an informal greeting used mainly in America.

Thanks to America the word 'Hi' is often used between two people who know each other and by younger people in any circumstance.

Shaking hands is quite normal and does help to cement a relationship but younger people rarely do that because they regard it as too formal and formality is going out of fashion!

Between women nowadays a double air kiss to the other's cheeks is common even between people who have not met before and between women and men. Normally it is the woman who initiates this. It has become a fashion but may well disappear in future years

Greetings are often followed by an inquiry about the other person's health:

e.g. Good morning, Mr. Roberts. How are you?

The answer may be:

(I’m) very/quite well, thank you. - formal, semi-formal

Fine, thanks, - semi-formal, informal.

 

Not too/so bad (thank you) - semi-formal

All right, thank you / thanks.

OK, thanks - informal, familiar

A bit tired, otherwise all right. - semi-formal, informal.

 

Avoid saying simply “Thank you” or “Thanks” in this situation.

These replies are usually followed by an inquiry about the other person's health. The most common forms are:

And how are you/ And you?

 

If you know someone fairly well you may ask a more gener­al question, such as:

How are you getting on? - semi-formal, informal;

How’s life? – informal;

How are things (with you)? - semi-formal, informal

to which the reply would be 'Oh, OK' or 'Not too bad' or Could be worse' or 'Could be better' which will normally produce the question 'Oh, what's wrong' or 'Oh what's been happening?'

If you want to express pleasure at seeing someone, for example, when welcoming a guest, you may say:

Hallo. Nice to see you.

A common reply to this is: Nice to see you, too.

 

Illustrative Dialogues

1. Formal

Mr. Jones: Good morning, Mr Smith.

Mr. Smith: Good morning. How are you?

Mr. J: Very, well, thank you. And you?

Mr. S: Quite well, thank you.

2. Semi-formal, informal

Chris: Hallo, Jenny.

Jenny: Hallo, Chris. How are you?

Chris: Fine, thanks. What about you?

Jenny: Oh, not too bad.

3. Semi-formal, informal
David: Hallo.

Jean: Hallo, David. How are you getting on?

David: All right, thanks. And how are things with you?

Jean: Oh, more or less the same as usual.

4. Informal

Susan: Hallo, Mary. How’s life?

Mary: A bit hectic at the moment. I'm very busy at work and besides I've got my cousin staying with me.

Susan: I see. Well, don't overdo things.

Mary: I'll do my best.

 

2. Practice Section

Exercise 1. Choose the best answer.

1. When you meet someone (in the morning) whom you know only slightly you say:

a. How do you do? b. Good morning. c. Hallo.

2. When you meet an acquaintance at about 12.30 p.m. you say:

a. Good morning. b. Good afternoon. c. Good day.

3. When you come into a room where there is a group of your fellow-students you say:

a. Hallo. b. Hallo, everybody. c. Morning.

4. When a senior colleague asks “How are you?” you reply:

a. Thank you. b. Very well, thank you. c. Thanks.

5. When your hostess says "Nice to see you" you reply:

a. The same to you. b. It's a pleasure. c. Nice to see you, too.

Exercise 2. Greet the following people. The greetings may be used as the starting point for a short dialogue.

1) A close friend called Andrew;

2) An elderly neighbour (Mrs Elsie Watson) at 3 p.m.;

3) A colleague whom you know only slightly, at 10 a.m.;

4) Your parents, on arriving home in the evening;

5) Your English teacher;

a. at the beginning of a class (formal); b.in the street (semi-formal);
6) A group of fellow-students;

7) A group of tourists to whom you are acting as a guide;

8) Your sister Helen;

9) A shop assistant;

10) Your doctor, to whom you have come for an examination.

 

Exercise 3. One student reads one of the following greetings and the student sitting next to him replies immediately. In cases where there is no question the second student may make a general remark about the weather, for example:

Nice/lovely/beautiful day (isn't it?)

Terrible weather.

It's) very/rather cold today (isn't it?)

The first student then replies, for example:

Yes, it is (isn't it?) or Yes, lovely/beautiful/awful (isn't it?)

Model Student A: Good morning.

Student B: Good morning. Lovely day.

Student A: Yes, beautiful, isn't it?

1. Good afternoon.

2. Good evening, Mr. Banks.

3. Hallo. How are you?

4. Hallo, Chris. How are you getting on?

5. Morning.

6. Hallo. How's life?

7. Good afternoon, Mrs. Reed. How are you keeping?

8.Hallo, Linda. Nice to see you.

9.Good morning, Mr. Webster.

10. Hallo. How are things with you?

 

Exercise 4. Make up your own dialogues based on those given below.

(i)

- I haven’t seen Bob recently.

How is he?

- As a matter of fact, he’s been off work for a day or two.

- What’s wrong with him?

-He’s gone down with a cold.

-Tell him I hope he soon feels better.

- That’s very kind of you. I’ll pass it on.

(ii)

- How is Tony these days?

- He hasn’t been too well recently.

- I’m sorry to hear that. What’s the matter?

-We don’t know, but we’re having the doctor in tomorrow.

- Let me know if there’s anything I can do.

- Thank you very much. I’ll tell him you inquired about him.

 

 

V. LEAVETAKING

1. Discussion

When you want to take your leave of someone it is often necessary to use some introductory sentence such as:

( Well,) I must go/be going (now).

I'm afraid I must be going (now). I must be off now.

When you actually leave, you may say:

Good-bye. - formal, semi-formal

(Good-) bye for now. - semi-formal, informal

Bye (then)/ Bye-Bye/ Cheerio. - informal

Good night. – when leaving someone late in the evening or before going to bed. Used in all styles.

See you. - very colloquial. Used mainly by young people to their

friends. This phrase does not refer to a later meeting, in contrast

to those which follow.

See you later/ tonight/ tomorrow/ on Saturday/ next week, etc.

I’ll be seeing you. This means simply some time in the future.

The phrases “A11 the best” and “Good luck are used only in certain circumstances. All the best” is ap­propriate when seeing a friend off for a long time, for example, or when leaving someone who is going for an interview, or in some similar situation. “Good luck” may also be used in the latter case or when someone is going to take an examination.

Note that Good morning/afternoon are no longer used when taking ones leave.

“Farewell” is now confined to poetry and is not used in conversation, even when parting with someone for ever.

The reply to Good-bye and the alternatives listed above is either the same or one of the other expressions of the same degree of formality.

e.g. A: Cheerio.

B: Bye for now.

The usual reply to “All the best” and “Good luck” is ‘Thank you” or Thanks (less formal).

When leaving someone we sometime want to be remem­bered to some member(s) of his family or a mutual friend or acquaintance. The following phrases are used for this purpose:

(Please) remember me to … - formal, semi-formal

e.g. Please remember me to your parents.

( Please) give my (kind) regards to... - formal

Give my love to - informal, for close friends and relations

e.g.Give my love toBill.

The person addressed usually answers as follows:

Thank you/Thanks, I (certainly) will.

 

Illustrative Dialogues

1. Formal

Mr. Adams: I'm afraid I must be going

Mr. Brent: Must you really?

Mr. A: Yes, I’ m afraid so. I’ve got some urgent work to do.

Mr. B: Well, I won' t keep you then.

Mr. A: Good-bye.

Mr. B: Good-bye. Remember me to your wife.

Mr. A: Thank you. I will.

2. Semi-formal, informal

Paul: It's time I was going.

Janet: But it's only half past nine.

Pau1: I know but I've got to get up very early tomorrow.

J: I see.

P: Thank you for a lovely evening.

J: Not at all. It was nice to see you again.

P: Bye then.

J: Bye-bye.

3. Informal

Susan: Well, I must be off now,

Mary: Stay and have a cup of coffee first.

S: Thanks very much but I really must go. I've got an interview for a job tomorrow morning.

M: Oh, well you'd better go to bed early then.

S: Yes. Well, cheerio then.

M: Bye. And good luck.

S: Thanks. I'll let you know how I get on.

4. Semi-formal, informal

Andrew: I've come to say good-bye.

Roger: When are you off?

A: My plane leaves at 12.30 tomorrow.

R: Well, have a good journey,

A: Thanks. Good-bye.

R: Bye. Keep in touch.

A: I will. And thanks for everything.

R: Don't mention it. Well, all the best.

A: Thanks. Bye-bye.

 

2. Practice Section

 

Exercise 1. What would you say:

1) When leaving a friend’s house after a party at about 11 p.m.?

2) To Professor Matthew who’s leaving for home after a short stay in you town?

3) To your parents leaving home in the morning?

4) To a group of tourists who are leaving Moscow?

5) To a colleague with whom you have been discussing your work?

6) When leaving your friend whom you have arranged to meet

a. the same evening? b. the next morning? c. on the following Monday?

7) When leaving a friend who is going for an interview for a job the next day?

8) Leaving a group of students after classes?

9) To a friend whom you are seeing off to London?

 

Exercise 2. One student reads one of the following phrases and the student sitting next to him replies immediately.

1. Good-bye.

2. Cheerio.

3. All the best.

4. See you at the meeting.

5. Bye for now.

6. Remember me to your mother.

7. Bye and good luck.

8. Good night.

9. Give my love to Susan.

 

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