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Exercise 5. Make up your own dialogues based on those given below.
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(i)
- What about coming bowling tonight?
- I’m not overkeen, actually.
- We might have a Chinese meal, then.
- No, I thought I’d have an evening at home for a change.
(ii)
- Feel like a stroll in the park?
- I don’t think I will. Thanks all the same.
- Come on. A spot of exercise would do us good.
- No, if you don’t mind I think I’ll stay in tonight.
(iii)
- How about coming out for a drink with me this evening?
- That would be very nice. Thank you.
- I’ll pick you up about 7.30.
- Right. See you then.
(iv)
- Do you feel like going to the cinema?
- Sounds like a good idea. Thanks.
- Let’s make it 6.30 at your place.
- That’ll be OK. I’ll be ready.
XI. ADVICE
1. Discussion
Advice sometimes takes the form of a suggestion.
Why don’t you...?
Why not...?
e.g. - I'm so tired.
Why don't you/ not go to bed?
Other widely-used forms are:
If I were you, I’d…
You'd better (not)...
You should/ought (not)... – “ought” tends to be slightly stronger than “should”.
I think you should/ought...
Idon't think you should/ought...
You must(n’t)... - more pressing advice
e.g. You (really) must read his latest novel. It’s absolutely fascinating.
I advise you (not) to... - formal
Replies vary according to the form in which the advice is given and the situation. However, the following phrases often occur:
Agreement:
Yes. I (certainly) will.
I think I will.
Perhaps I'd better.
(Yes,) I suppose I’d better/ I should.
I think/ Perhaps you’re right.
That's a good idea.
Disagreement:
I don't agree.
I'd rather/better not.
I think that would be a mistake.
I don't think that’s a very good idea.
(I'm afraid) I can't/ haven’t got time/ it’s too late/ I can’t afford it/it’s not allowed.
Why should I? - abrupt, possibly rude
I don't see why I should. - same meaning but less abrupt
Here are some more useful phrases giving advice:
Take it easy/ Relax/ Don’t panic/ Take your time/ Don’t take it (too much) to heart. - very informal. Used among friends.
Illustrative Examples
1. - I've got a terrible headache.
- Why don't you lie down for a half an hour?
- I think I will.
2. -This book is very difficult to understand.
-You should try something easier first.
- Perhaps you're right.
3.- My room’s so cold.
-- Is it? Well, you'd better get an electric fire.
- That's a good idea.
4. – It takes me over an hour to get to work.
-If I were you I'd change my job.
-I'd rather not. You see, I enjoy my work.
5. – I’m putting on weight.
-You should go on a diet.
- I suppose I should. But I haven't got enough will-power.
6.- Mary was very offended when I said she was lazy.
- I'm not surprised. I think you ought to apologise.
- Why should I? It’s true. She lets me do everything.
7.- I can't afford to go on holiday this year.
- Why not ask your parents to lend you some money?
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- I'd rather not.
8.- It's rather cold. You'd better put your other coat on.
- Don't worry. I'll be warm enough.
- Well, don't blame me if you catch a cold.
9.- You must go and see the new French film. It's brilliant.
- I haven't got time this week.
10. - I advise you to insure your property.
- I don't think it's worth it.
11. - I don't advise you to apply to drama school.
- Why not?
-The competition's too stiff.
12. - I left my umbrella in the bus.
-Well, you'd better go to the lost property office. Perhaps somebody has handed it in.
2. Practice Section
Exercise1. Make up sentences giving advice, choosing one item from each column.
| Why | don’t you not | have a rest ask Jean to help go to bed earlier buy her some flowers make some tea learn to drive a car go away for a few days work harder have something to eat have a cup of coffee eat more fruit |
| If I were you I’d You’d better | ||
| You | should ought to must |
Exercise 2. Advise a fellow-student (who then replies):
- to read more English books;
- to go and see a doctor;
- to take a taxi {to the airport);
- not to eat so much;
- to go to bed earlier; -
- to put a sweater on (It’s cold)
- to apologise to a friend for being rude;
- to buy a new CD;
- to give up smoking;
- not to worry so much;
- to visit the zoo;
- to relax more;
- to work harder;
- to see a new film;
- to hurry (not to miss a train).
Exercise 3.Advise someone who says to you:
1. I've got a terrible headache.
2. I'm nearly always late for work.
3. I'm afraid I’ll fail my English exam.
4. I don't know where to spend my holiday this year.
5. I’m cold.
6. I was rude to my parents.
7. I can't do all the shopping by myself.
8. I've put on five kilogrammes in the past month.
9. I'm afraid I shall be late for the concert.
XII. I N V I TAT IO N S
1. Discussion
Invitations may be phrased in one of the following ways:
Would you like to...? - the most common form
I wonder whether you'd like to... - tentative
Would you care to…?/ I wonder whether you’d care to…-very formal
Do you feel like... ing? - informal
Invitations may also take the form of a suggestion, for example:
What/ How about...ing?
Here are the usual replies to invitations.
Acceptance:
(Yes,) very much.
(Yes.) I'd like to very much.
(Yes.) I'd love to very much.- more enthusiastic and more informal. Used more by women than men.
That would be very nice/ lovely. - Thank you.
Note that “With pleasure” is seldom used in such cases.
Refusal:
I'm afraid I can't.
I'm sorry. I can't.
Some explanation for your refusal is often desirable.
e.g. I'm afraid I can't/ I'm sorry, I can't. I've got too much work to do.
I’d like/ love to (very much) but...
e.g. I'd like to very much but I've promised to go and see some friends tonight.
I wish I could but...
e.g. I wish I could but I've got to stay at home and look after the children.
Thank you, but (I'm afraid)...
e.g. Thank you but I'm afraid I've already arranged to play tennis with Helen on Saturday.
No, thank you/ thanks.
By itself this is rather abrupt, even rude. However, it may be used among friends if followed by an explanation.
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e.g. No, thanks. I’m not feeling too well.
Invitations are often introduced by a question such as:
Are you doing anything (special)...?
Have you got anything (special) on...?
Have you got any plans for …?
What are you doing …? - more direct. Only among friends.
Are you free …?
Here are two examples of invitations introduced in this way:
a. - Are you doing anything tomorrow night?
- No, nothing special. Why?
- I wondered if you’d like to come round for supper.
b. - Have you got any plans for the weekend?
- Not as far as I can remember.
- Well, would you like to go to Stratford with us?
Illustrative Dialogues
Note: The style of all these dialogues is informal - semi-formal
1. An Invitation to a Party
A: Are you doing anything special on Saturday night?
B: No I don't think so. Why?
A: Well, I’m having a little party and I'd like you to come.
B: Thank you. That would be very nice. What time?
A: Half past seven to eight.
B: Fine. I'll see you then.
2. An Invitation to the Theatre
A: Would you like to go and see “Macbeth” with me at the
National Theatre tomorrow?
B: Yes, very much. I’ve heard it’s a very good production.
A: Well, it had good reviews. I'll meet you in the foyer then, at a quarter to eight - on the right, by the booking office.
B: I’ll be there.
3. An invitation to Go for a Drive In the Country
A: Do you feel like going for a drive in the country this afternoon?
B: Yes, I'd love to. It's a beautiful day.
A: I thought we might go to the South Downs. You get a wonderful view from there.
B: That's a good idea.
A: Well, I'll call for you about two, then. Or is that too early?
B: No. That's fine. I’ll be ready.
4. An Invitation to a Restaurant
A: I wonder whether you'd like to go to the Mayfair restaurant with me tonight. They say the food's very good there.
B: I'm afraid I can't. You see, I've got a friend staying with me.
A: That's a pity. Well perhaps we could go some other time.
B: Yes. I should like to when I’m a bit freer.
5. An Invitation to an Exhibition
A: How about going to the Tate Gallery tomorrow? There's an interesting new exhibition there.
B: I'd like to but I'm afraid I've got to finish a translation.
A: Couldn't you do it some other time?
B: No. You see, I promised to finish it by Friday.
6. Arranging a Date and Time
Mr. Jackson: Hello. Mr Roberts.
Mr. Roberts: Hello, Mr Jackson. How are you enjoying your stay in Moscow?
Mr. J: Very much, thank you.
Mr. R: I wonder whether you could come and have supper
with us one evening.
Mr. J: Yes, I'd like to very much.
Mr. R: How about tomorrow?
Mr. J: I'm afraid I can't make it tomorrow.
Mr. R: What about Thursday then?
Mr. J: Just a minute. Let me see. Yes, Thursday would be fine.
Mr. R: Good. I'll come and call for you at your hotel.
Mr. J: Thank you. What time?
Mr. R: Would six-thirty be all right for you?
Mr. J: Yes, that'll be fine.
Mr. R: All right. I'll see you on Thursday then.
Mr. J: Yes. Good-bye, and thank you.
Mr. R: Not at all. Good-bye.
2. Practice Section
Exercise 1. Make up invitations, using “Would you like...?” or one of the other forms given at the beginning of the section, and one phrase from each of the columns below. (Change the infinitive to the gerund if necessary). The invitations may be addressed to a fellow-student, who either accepts or refuses.
go to the cinema tonight
come to my birthday party some time
have lunch with me after work
go for a walk tomorrow afternoon
come and see my slides on Sunday
go on a boat trip next Saturday
go and see "Swan Lake" at the weekend
listen to my CD one evening
go skiing with me on Friday
come to supper today
go to the Goya exhibition now
spend the weekend with us one day next week
Exercise 2.Refuse the following invitations tactfully, giving a reason.
1. Would you like to come to tea on Sunday?
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2. Do you feel like going for a walk?
3. I wonder whether you'd like to go to an English film with me
tomorrow evening.
4. How about going to the beach this afternoon?
5. Would you like to go a football match with me on Saturday?
6. I've got two tickets for a Beethoven concert tomorrow.
Would you like to go with me?
7. I wonder whether you'd like to spend Christmas with us.
8. My sister is giving a piano recital on Friday. Perhaps you'd like to go with me.
9. What about going to the Russian Museum after lunch?
10. Would you like to go a dance with me on Saturday?
Exercise 3. Make up dialogues, using the questions to introduce an invitation. Work in pairs.
Model: Are you doing anything tonight? (go and see an American film)
Student A: Are you doing anything tonight?
Student B: No, nothing special. Why?
Student A: I wondered if you’d like to go and see an American film with me.
Student B: Thank you. That would be very nice.
Other possible answers to A’s first question are:
(No,) I don't think so.
No, nothing in particular.
B’s response to the invitation my also be varied.
1. Are you doing anything special on Sunday? (go for a drive in the country)
2. Have you got anything on tomorrow night? (go out to dinner)
3. What are you doing at the weekend? (go skiing)
4. Have you got any plans for the New Year?
(come and spend it with us)
5. Are you doing anything on Saturday afternoon?
(go to the Matisse exhibition)
Exercise 4. Make up your own dialogues based on those given below.
(i)
- Why don’t we go for a drive in the country?
- That would be very nice. Thank you.
-I’ll pick you up about 7 then.
- Right. See you later.
(ii)
- Would you like to come to a party with me next Saturday?
- I’d love to. Thanks.
- I’ll call round for you after dinner.
- OK. I’ll be ready.
XIII. OFFERS
1. Discussion
When we want to offer someone our help we can say:
I'll... (if you like)
Shall I …?
Let me…
Would you like me to …?
Do you need any help?
Can I help you?
Note that “Can I help you?” is used mainly by shop-assistants and people whose job is to give information, etc. (for example, in inquiry offices
Is there anything I can do (to help)?
Can you manage?
Here are possible replies:
Acceptance:
Yes, please - in reply to offers in the form of a question.
Thank you (very much).
That's very kind of you. (Thank you.)
If (you're sure) it's not too much trouble.
If (you're sure) you've got time.
In reply to “Is there anything I can do (to help)?” or "Can you manage?" one may say:
Well, perhaps you could...
Do you think you could...?
e.g. Well, perhaps you could lay the table.
Do you think you could wash these glasses?
Refusal:
No, thank you. - in reply to questions
Oh, please don't bother.
No, it's/that's (quite) all right (thank you).
Thank you, but there's really no need (to). I can easily...
e.g. -I'll get you a taxi.
-Thank you but there's really no need (to). I can easily catch a bus.
I (think I) can manage all right, thank you.
Illustrative Examples
1. – I’ll open the door for you.
-Thank you.
2. -Shall I meet you at the station?
-If you’re sure it's not too much trouble.
-No, no trouble at all,
3. -Let me carry your suitcase
-That’s very kind of you. Thank you.
4. -I'll show you the way.
-Oh, please don't bother. I know how to get there now.
5. -Let me drive you home.
-No, that's all right, thank you. I'll go on the bus.
6. –Ill type the translation for you if you like.
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-Thank you, but there's really no need. I can easily ask the secretary to do it.
- Would you like me to come and help you to get the room ready?
-No, thank you. I can manage.
2. Practice Section
Exercise 1. Offer:
- to help a fellow-student with his translation;
- to do some shopping for your mother;
- to make the arrangements for a meeting;
- to carry your aunt a heavy bag;
- to give a neighbour a lift to the station;
- to help your friend when you come to her flat for a party;
- to make a cup of coffee for your friend;
- to look after your nephews for the evening;
- to show a tourist the way to the opera-house in your town;
- to mend your little brother’s broken toy;
- to do the washing-up (at home);
- to order a taxi for your guests;
- to buy tickets for a play which you and your friend have been discussing;
- to help your younger brother with maths;
- to bandage a friend's cut finger;
- to post a letter which your sister has just written;
- to put some flowers in water (they have been brought by a guest).
Exercise 2. Reply to the following offers of help, (a) accepting, (b) refusing politely.
1.Let me hold your bag.
2..Shall I make you a cup of tea?
3.Would you like me to come a bit earlier to help?
4. Let me give you a hand with those books (= help
you to carry or move them)
5. Is there anything I can do to help?
6. I'll fetch you a clean towel.
7. Shall I pay for the tickets now?
8. Let me drive you home. You look tired.
9. Would you like me to get you an aspirin and a glass
of water?
10.I'll go and find out the time of the next train.
11.Can I help? (You are trying to make yourself understood to an English shop assistant)
12. Let me fetch you a chair.
When offering someone such things as food and drink, the following expressions are used:
Would you like…? - the most widely-used form
Will you have...? - formal
Would you care for…? - very formal
Have... -if one is actually holding something out
Do have... - more emphatic, persuasive
(Please) help yourself (to …) - used when the food,
for example, is on the table but one is not going to
hand it-round. “Help yourself” (without "to") refers to everything on the table; “help yourself to" - to
something specific. -
e.g. Help yourself to potatoes.
The clearest and most usual replies to the interrogative forms are:
Yes, please. / No, thank you. - with rising intonation and no pause between the words.
Other possible replies are:
(Yes,) that would be very nice/ lovely.
Please. - pronounced with a fall-rise.
Thank you. – as one takes something, especially in reply to “(Do)have …” or “Help yourself (to…)”. In other situations “Thank you” alone is ambiguous and should be avoided.
Thank you, but... - a refusal followed by an explanation
e.g. - Would you like a cup of tea?
-Thank you, but I've just had one.
'
When offering someone something for which he has asked, one may say:
Here you are/ it is/ they are.
Here’s /are the...
Here’s /are the...you asked me for/ wanted
Be careful NOT to use “please” in this situation. The usual reply is “Thank you”.
Illustrative Examples
1.-Would you like a cup of coffee?
-Yes, please.
2.-Would you like some chocolate?
-No, thank you. I'm trying to cut down on (= eat fewer) sweet things.
3. -Have a sandwich.
(Taking one) -Thank you.
4. - Help yourself to salad.
-Thank you very much. It looks delicious.
5. -Do have some of this cake. I made it myself.
-Thank you, but I really can't eat any more.
6. -Would you like some more meat?
-No, thank you. I've got plenty.
7. -Would you like some of my home-made jam?
-That would be very nice.
8. Have an apple.
(Taking one) - Thank you.
9. - Would you like some more potatoes?
-No, thank you. I'm slimming.
10.-Do have one of these chocolates. They’re delicious.
-Thank you very much, but I'm not very keen on sweet things.
11.-Here's the train timetable.
- Oh, thank you.
12.-Here are the figures you asked for.
-Thank you very much.
Exercise l. Offer the following things to the person mentioned in brackets.
1. a sweet (to a fellow-student);
2. some chocolate (to your sister);
3. a glass of wine (to your neighbour who drops in to see you);
4. some orange juice (to a friend in a snack bar);
5. a sandwich (to a friend on a picnic);
6. some grapes (to a friend who has come to see you at home);
7. a piece of cake (to a guest whom you know only slightly);
8. some jam (to an elderly relative who is staying with you);
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9. another cup of tea (to a colleague who is visiting you);
10. a biscuit (to a neighbour who is having coffee with you);
11. a book (to a friend who asked you to bring it);
12. an ice-cream (to a tourist to whom you are acting as a guide);
13.an orange (to your small niece);
14.another pancake (to your boy- friend at a party);
15. some salad (to your brother’s wife. They’re having supper with you).
16. some keys (to a colleague who has asked for them).
Exercise 2. Reply to the following offers; (a) accepting, (b) refusing politely.
1. Would you like a cup of tea?
2. Do have some of this cake. It's delicious.
3. Have an apple.
4. Help yourself to vegetable salad.
5. Would you like some of my home-made wine?
6. Have one of these pies.
7. Would you like some cheese?
8. Will you have some fruit salad?
9.Have some more strawberries.
10. Do have another piece of cake.
XIV. T H A N K S
1. Discussion
There are various ways of thanking people besides simply “Thank you” and “Thanks’. Here are the most common:
Thank you.
Thank you very/so much/ ever so much/ very much indeed.
Thanks.
Thanks a lot / awfullv.
Many thanks. - rather formal
I don't know how to thank you/ I can never thank you enough. - if someone has done exceptional.
I’m very grateful (to you).
That's/It's very/awfully kind of you. - formal, semi-formal.
How kind of you.
(I’m) much obliged (to you). - used mainly by shop assistants.
Possible replies are:
Not at all.
You’re welcome,
(Oh,) that's all right.
(Oh,) that's OK. - informal, casual
Don't mention it. - more emphatic. Rather formal
It's nothing. - informal, semi-formal
Think nothing of it. - informal, casual
It's a pleasure. - only for things involving some time and trouble.
When someone thanks us for hospitality, saying, fox example, ‘Thank you for a wonderful meal””or “for a most enjoyable evening”, we can say:
I’ m glad you enjoyed it/ you were able to come.
Thank you for coming.
When someone thanks us for a present, we can say:
I'm glad you like it.
Illustrative Dialogues
1.Thanks for Information (formal, semi-formal)
Jean: Could you tell me the time, please?
Passer-by: Yes, it's ten past nine.
Jean: Thank you.
Passer-by: You're welcome.
2.Thanks for Hospitality (informal, semi-formal)
John: It's about time we made a move.
Ruth: Really? Can't you stay a bit longer?
John: I'm afraid not. You see, we promised our baby-sitter we'd be back by twelve at the latest.
Ruth: I see. What a pity.
Sheila (John's wife): Thank you for a lovely meal.
Ruth: I'm glad you enjoyed it. You must come again some time.
3.Thanks for a Birthday Present (informal, semi-formal)
Ann: Happy birthday, Catherine.
David: Many happy returns of the day.
Cath: Thank you. (David gives her a bunch of flowers.)
What beautiful flowers! Thank you very much.
Ann: And here's your present.
Cath: Oh, thank you. (She unwraps it.) Oh, a hair-drier! Just what I wanted.Thank you ever so much.
Ann: I'm glad you like it.
4. Jill thanks her neighbour for helping her move into her new flat (semi-formal)
Jill: Thank you so much for all you've done.
Brian: Don’t mention it. I'm glad I was able to help.
Jill: I don't know what I should have done without you.
Brian: It's nothing, really.
Jill: Well, I hope you'll come to my flat-warming party.
Brian: That's very kind of you.
Jill: I'll let you know when I've fixed the date. Well, thank you again for your help.
Brian: It's a pleasure. Good-bye.
5. Brenda thanks a stranger for returning her handbag (formal)
Stranger: Excuse me. You left your handbag on the bench.
Brenda: Oh! Thank you so much.
Stranger: Don't mention it.
Brenda: I don't know how to thank you. It's got my purse and keys and address book and all sorts of things in it. How careless of me. Thank you very much indeed.
Stranger: Not at all.
2. Practice Section
Exercise 1. Give an appropriate form of thanks for the following situations. Address a fellow-student, who then replies.
1. A friend gives you a birthday present.
2.A fellow guest at a party passes you the salt.
3. A stranger shows you the way to your hotel.
4. A colleague gives you a lift.
5. A friend has brought a book you asked him to lend
you.
6. A neighbour brings back your dog which ran away
yesterday.
7. A stranger holds the door open for you.
8. A guest brings you some flowers.
9. Your brother lends you some money.
10. A fellow-passenger tells you when to get off the bus
11. A passer-by picks up a glove you have dropped and
hands it back to you.
12. A doctor cures your child of a serious illness.
Exercise 2. Reply with thanks, including any other words required by the situation.
1. Let me carry your bag.
2. Many happy returns of the day.
3. Here are the magazines I promised you.
4. Good luck!
5. I hope you'll soon feel better.
6. I've brought you some apples from our garden.
7. I'll press your skirt/trousers for you.
8. You can stay with us (when you come to Moscow) if you like.
9. Happy New Year!
10. Have a sandwich.
11. I've done the washing-up.
12. Sit down, please.
Exercise 3. Reply to the following expressions of gratitude, taking the style (formal or informal) into account.
1. Thank you very much for your help..
2. Thank you for a most enjoyable evening.
3. What beautiful flowers! Thank you so much.
4. It was very kind of you to put my friend up (= give
him a bed).
5. Thanks for the lift.
6.I'm very grateful to you for coming so quickly. (to a doctor)
7. Thank you for showing us the photos. They were very interesting.
8. Thank you ever so much for the present.
9. Thanks for letting me know.
10. It's very kind of you to see (= receive) us at such short notice.
Exercise 4. Make up your own dialogues based on those given below.
(i)
- It’s time we were off.
- So soon? Can’t you stay a little longer?
- I wish we could, but we’re going to be late.
- What a pity!
- Thank you for a wonderful meal.
- I’m glad you enjoyed it.
(ii)
-I really must be going now.
- But you’ve only just come. Wouldn’t you like to have another drink?
- That’s very kind of you, but I mustn’t be late.
- What a pity!
- Thanks very much for the party.
- It was pleasure to have you.
Contents
| I. Forms of address…………………………………………………………… II. Attracting attention………………………………………………………... III. Introductions………………………………………………………........... IV. Greetings and Inquiries about health…………………………………….. V. Leavetaking……………………………………………………….............. VI. Congratulations and wishes……………………………………………… VII. Requests………………………………………………………................ VIII. Asking permission……………………………………………………… IX. Apologies ………………………………………………………............... X. Suggestions………………………………………………………............... XI. Advice………………………………………………………..................... XII. Invitations……………………………………………………….............. XIII. Offers……………………………………………………….................... XIV. Thanks……………………………………………………….................. Bibliography……………………………………………………….................. |
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