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LANGUAGE FOCUS. 2. Word formation. a. Complete this table by filling in the correct forms. b. Add the prefixes in-, ir-, un-, dis-, anti- to each of these words to form its opposite.
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LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Give Russian equivalents for the following English words and phrases:
| to abide by the Code to breach a Code to negotiate debt to discharge debt to borrow money to impose obligations to lend to initiate action to purchase to disclose dealings in securities Registrar of Companies Companies House insolvent debts or liabilities merger consolidation of shares division of shares cancellation of shares | secured creditors preferential creditors hostile takeovers friendly takeovers compulsory winding-up available cash minority shareholders constitutional amendments sale of assets acquisition of controlling shares share capital regulatory authorities unanimous approval outstanding shares takeover bid acquiring company acquired company company officers |
2. Word formation.
a. Complete this table by filling in the correct forms.
| Verb | Noun |
| to change | |
| to amend | |
| alteration | |
| risk | |
| to consolidate | |
| to sign | |
| mergers | |
| to apply | |
| acquisition | |
| to cancel | |
| to confirm | |
| to absorb | |
| liquidation | |
| submission | |
| to purchase | |
| to administer | |
| competition | |
| security | |
| winding-up |
b. Add the prefixes in-, ir-, un-, dis-, anti- to each of these words to form its opposite.
| 1) solvent 2) competitive 3) written 4) changed 5) appear 6) trust 7) effective 8) dependent | close relevant fairly voluntary available charge secured |
3. Match the columns.
a.
| 1. to sign 2. to grant 3. to cancel 4. to submit 5. to issue 6. to re-negotiate 7. to consolidate 8. to realize 9. to discharge 10. to disclose 11. to gain 12. to borrow 13. to increase 14. to initiate 15. to purchase 16. to subdivide 17. to accept | a. resolution b. debt c. shares d. assets e. money f. a certificate g. power h. an offer i. dealings j. liabilities k. action l. control |
b.
| 1. minority 2. acquiring 3. preferential 4. general 5. secured 6. controlling 7. compulsory 8. outstanding 9. voluntary 10. available 11. competition 12. hostile 13. special 14. market 15. statutory 16. unanimous 17. takeover 18. constitutional | a. shareholders b. shares c. liquidation d. authorities e. company f. meeting g. cash h. creditors i. regulations j. bid k. amendments l. resolution m. winding-up n. takeovers o. price p. approval |
4. Fill in the gaps with prepositions if necessary.
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1) In case of insolvency the rights of creditors and minority shareholders may be _____ risk and are subject _____ special statutory regulations.
2) A change of name was made by special resolution ____ a general meeting.
3) A signed copy of the resolution was submitted ___ the Registrar of Companies.
4) Alteration ____ capital structure may entail such things as an increase ___ share capital.
5) The court may ___ its discretion set aside a resolution of a general meeting.
6) The company sold its stock ____ a price below the market price.
7) Disciplinary action may result _____ certain breaches of the code.
8) We are to decide ____ the merits of an acquisition.
9) The life of the company was brought ____ an end.
10) The debts of the company exceed ______its available cash.
11) The legislation imposes obligations ____ company officers in relation ____ the interests of creditors.
5. Read the text and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1) If a company changes its structure it is an administrative change.
2) Fundamental changes in the company’s structure are regulated by law.
3) A company may change its name by special resolution of the Board of Directors.
4) The power to change the capital structure of a company is provided by the Articles of Association.
5) A company may reduce its share capital only if there is a court decision.
6) In the result of a merger only one company will continue its life.
7) If a company decides to buy all of the other company’s assets, the management of the company must approve it.
8) By a takeover bid one company may gain control of another company.
9) The process of takeovers is controlled by the Boards of Directors.
10) After winding-up a company no longer exists.
11) If a company is insolvent it cannot pay its debts.
12) Unsecured creditors will never achieve repayment.
6. Chose the phrase which best completes each statement. Sometimes more than one variant is possible.
1. The main examples of fundamental changes in the company include….
a. liquidation.
b. dismissal of the senior officers.
c. sale of substantially all assets.
d. acquisition of controlling shares.
2. Constitutional alterations in a company are connected with ….
a. change of the company’s name.
b. change of the company’s objects.
c. alteration of capital.
d. alteration of conduct of annual general meetings.
3. Alteration of capital structure may lead to ….
a. increase in the number of shareholders.
b. increase in share capital.
c. consolidation or division of shares.
d. cancellation of shares.
4. The process when two companies join into one is called …
a. merger.
b. liquidation.
c. consolidation.
d. winding-up.
5. A company may achieve control over another company by …
a. buying substantially all of the other company’s assets.
b. appointing new directors.
c. changing the objects of the company.
d. increasing share capital.
6. When a company makes a public offer to shareholders of another company to sell their shares it is called …
a. consolidation.
b. winding-up.
c. merger.
d. takeover bid.
7. When a company faces liquidation it may ….
a. borrow more money from a bank.
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b. sue the creditors.
c. increase liabilities.
d. re-negotiate debts.
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