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Ex. 18. There are 2 grammar mistakes in each sentence. Try to find them and correct.
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1. These command delete files from the directory.
2. The computer industry is develop on a great speed nowadays.
3. A maximum storage capacity of the PC hard disk are 1.4 megabyte.
4. The data are processed now and soon we will has the results.
5. The computer can to arrange the word into alphabetical order.
6. During the late 1950s, computers were being putted into serial production at our country.
7. Nick is being typing its essay now.
8. The computer does arithmetic problems million times more fast than any person do.
9. Which the database program are you use?
10. You can exchange messages with other people in Internet, especially in a chat room.
Ex. 19. INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE. Pay attention to the translation of the Infinitive after the word enough (достаточно). Read and translate the sentences.
Model: I have enough time to write the essay. – У меня достаточно времени, чтобы написать реферат.
1. Do you have enough disk space to install this encyclopedia?
2. We saved enough money to buy "the coolest" computer outright.
3. I did not have enough time to answer all the questions.
4. He is intelligent enough to do this job himself but he lacks motivation.
5. This article is not interesting enough to be published in the newspaper.
6. I was foolish enough to believe what Jeff told me.
7. I was not brave enough to tell her what I thought of her.
8. There will be time enough to relax when you finish your work.
9. The road was wide enough for two cars to pass.
10. There was not enough space to print all the letters we received.
Ex. 20. Answer the alternative questions.
1. Does the Internet connect hundreds or millions of computers all over the world?
2. Do we use the term "memory" for the internal or external storage of a computer?
3. Is Ctrl an abbreviation for the Control Key or Shift Key on the keyboard?
4. Were the first transistors developed in the USA or in India in 1948?
5. Did Microsoft Corp. release the new version of its Windows operating system (named Vista) in 1995 or in 2006?
6. Do people send email messages with the help of the post office or the Internet?
7. Will all the exam results in English be displayed on the notice board or on the Internet?
8. Are the component parts of the computer called hardware or software?
9. Does a mouse have two or four buttons for the control of text and graphics functions?
10. Can you speak Japanese or Spanish?
11. Was the first computer designed for solving mathematical or linguistic problems?
12. Must you know programming or music to do your research work?
Ex. 21. Put alternative questions to the following sentences:
1. Magnetic disks store more than 100,000,000 bytes of data.
2. The virus wiped everything off my hard disk.
3. It is possible to store a lot more data on a DVD than on a CD.
4. The fastest supercomputers can carry out trillions of calculations per second.
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5. The whole incident was recorded on an amateur video tape.
6. The process of writing program instructions is called coding.
7. You should use an italic font to highlight these words.
8. The software package contains five CD-ROMs.
9. This computer program is designed for the first-time users.
10. The first computers were very expensive and difficult to use.
11. Users often complain that the Internet is slow and unreliable.
12. The screen will display the user name in the top right-hand corner.
13. Online newspapers produce the most up-to-date news.
14. This data was collected from 69 countries.
15. He exited the database and switched off the computer.
Ex. 22. Memorize the following terms.
| 1. abacus – счеты, абак 2. adding machine – арифмометр, счетная машина 3. slide rule – логарифмическая линейка 4. circuit– схема, цепь circuitry – схемы, цепи integrated circuit (IC) – интегральная схема 5. silicon wafer – кремниевая пластина 6. memory chip – микросхема памяти, микросхема ОЗУ 7. raw information – необработанная (исходная) информация 8. set of instructions (=instruction set) – набор команд |
Ex. 23. Read and translate TEXT A.
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
Generally, a computer is any device that can perform numerical calculations – even an adding machine, an abacus, or a slide rule. Nowadays, however, the term usually refers to an electronic device that can automatically perform a series of tasks according to a precise set of instructions.
The basic job of computers is processing of information. For this reason, computers can be characterized as devices, which accept information in the form of instructions (called a program) and characters (called data), perform mathematical and logical operations on the information, and then produce results of these operations. The data is raw material while information is organized, processed and useful for decision-making. Computer is used to convert data into information.
The “brains” of today's computers are integrated circuits (ICs), sometimes called microchips, or simply chips. Each of these tiny silicon wafers can contain hundreds of millions of microscopic electronic components designed for many specific operations. Some chips make up a computer's central processing unit, which controls the computer's overall operation; some are math coprocessors that can perform millions of mathematical operations per second; and others are memory chips that can each store billions of characters of information at a time. There are also circuits, which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions, which computer can make, are not of the type: "Who will win the war between two countries?" or "Who is the richest person in the world?" Unfortunately, the computer can decide only three things, namely1: Is one number less than another is? Are two numbers equal? and, Is one number greater than another is?
A computer can perform great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations without becoming tired2. This ''mechanical brain'' can find the solution to a problem much faster than a human being can… But a computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and feed to it the necessary data, i.e3 its capabilities are limited by the minds of human beings. It is a man who is the most important component of the computer system... so far4.
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Notes: 1namely – а именно;
2without becoming tired – без устали;
3i.e. [that is] – то есть;
4so far – пока.
EXERCISES
Ex. 24. Search TEXT A for the equivalents of the following phrases:
| 1. выполнять численные расчеты; 2. в соответствии с точным набором команд; 3. по этой причине; 4. символы, называемые данными; 5. выдавать результаты; 6. принятие решения; | 7. математический сопроцессор; 8. выполнять миллионы операций в секунду; 9. хранить миллиарды символов; 10. находить решение задачи; 11. возможности ограничены. |
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