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Употребление артикля с именами существительными собственными.
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· имена собственные употребляются без артикля. Это относится к именам, названиям улиц, дорог, площадей, городов, стран, состоящих из одного слова, континентов, озер, единичных островов и горных вершин, к названиям научных журналов, к словам, обозначающим звания, титулы.
· определенный артикль употребляется перед ними в следующих случаях:
¨ перед фамилиями во множественном числе: The Browns have left London.
¨ если перед названием страны присутствует существительное с предшествующим определением или имеются слова: республика, королевство, союз и пр.: the British Empire, the United Kingdom
¨ перед названиями океанов, морей, рек, заливов: the Pacific Ocean, the Persian Gulf, the Volga
¨ в названиях горных хребтов: the Alps
¨ перед названиями групп островов: the Bermudas
¨ перед названиями судов, газет: the “Titanic”, the Daily World
¨ перед названиями гостиниц, музеев, галерей, театров, кинотеатров: the “Savoy”, the Palace Theatre, the Odeon, the British Museum, the Tate Gallery.
¨ перед названиями с of: the Bank of England, the University of Salamanca.
¨ перед названием исторических документов: the Constitution, the Magna Carta.
¨ перед названием следующих городов, стран, улиц, местностей: the Hague (Гаага), the Netherlands, the Crimea, the Transvaal, the Congo, the Argentine, the West Indies, the Riviera, the Lebanon, the High Street, the Mall, the Strand и др.
¨ Если же в названиях есть имя или фамилия человека или название места, то артикль не употребляется (Buckingham Palace, Lloyds Bank, Cambridge University, Westminster Abbey)
Проанализируйте употребление артиклей в следующих отрывках:
1. In 1941 Germany and Japan had made two mistakes which undoubtedly cost them the war. Germany attacked the Soviet Union, and Japan attacked the United States, both quite unexpectedly. Whatever the advantages of surprise attack, the Axis of Germany, Italy and Japan had now forced onto the battlefield two of the most powerful nations in the world.
2. The United Nations Charter in 1945 also called for progress towards self-government. It seemed hardly likely in this new mood that the British Empire could last very long. This feeling was strengthened by the speed with which Britain had lost control of colonial possessions to Japan during the war.
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3. The Europe that the Pilgrims left behind them was torn by religious quarrels. For more than a thousand years Roman Catholic Christianity had been the religion of most of its people. By the sixteenth century, however, some Europeans had begun to doubt the teachings of the Catholic Church. They were also growing angry at the wealth and worldly pride of its leaders.
4. A round‑faced man in a blue flight suit emerged from behind the building. "Robert Langdon?" he called. The man’s voice was friendly. He had an accent Langdon couldn’t place.
5. Langdon was still in shock over his mistake at the Pantheon. With a cursory glance at this square, however, his sixth sense was already tingling. The piazza seemed subtly filled with Illuminati significance. Not only was it laid out in a perfectly elliptical shape, but dead center stood a towering Egyptian obelisk–a square pillar of stone with a distinctively pyramidal tip.
Выполните упражнение, заполняя пропуски артиклем a (an)/ the:
1. I don’t usually like staying at … hotels, but last summer we spent a few days at ___ very nice hotel by.… sea.
2. I won’t be home for … dinner this evening. I’m meeting some friends after … work and we’re going to … cinema.
3. Carol is … economist. She used to work in … investment department of … Lloyds Bank. Now she works for … American bank in … United States.
4. I have two brothers. … older one is training to be … pilot with … British Airways. … younger one is still at … school. When he leaves … school, he hopes to go to … university to study … law.
5. … government without … strong leader will not produce … good policies.
6. In my job, I do.… business with people from all over the world.
7. It isn’t easy, but I think we’re making … progress.
8. When buying a house, you should take into … consideration how near it is to public transport.
9. Make … love, not … war.
10. … fog was so thick that we couldn’t see … side of … road. We followed … car in front of us and hoped that we were going … right way.
11. “No, I’ve heard … stories about … Englishmen, … Irishmen and … Scotsmen before and they are all … same.”
12. … worry about … state of his finances drove him to.. despair.
13. … temperature varies with … pressure.
14. … London train was on … point of … departure. It was yet … early morning, … hour of … milkmen and … postmen. … station had … chill, unused, deserted look; … passengers were few.
15. … English of … 14th century differs from … Modern English.
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