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4. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
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4. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
Основные геологические процессы, геологические процессы внешнего происхождения, геологические процессы внутреннего происхождения, подразделяться на группы, обнажение породы, отложение осадков, действовать на поверхности земли, действовать в недрах земли, движение воды, движение земли, вулканическая активность, под влиянием гравитации, требовать дополнительного источника энергии, выветривать земную поверхность, выветриваться, химическое выветривание, физическое выветривание, эрозия, породы изменяются, изменение пород, условия окружающей среды, физическое разрушение, химическое разложение, изменение в составе, уносить частицы горных пород, откладываться в виде слоев, иметь огромное значение, может быть сравнима с …, универсальные растворитель, влиять на активность растворения, растворять горные породы.
5. Answer the following questions.
1. How many groups do the leading geological processes fall into? What are they?
2. What geological processes are of external origin? Where do they act?
3. What geological processes are of internal origin? Where do they act?
4. What natural agents cause rock weathering?
5. What rocks are weathered quickly?
6. What rocks are resistant to erosion?
7. What is the difference between physical and chemical weathering?
8. How does the process of weathering depend on climatic conditions?
9. What is the role of water in rock alteration?
6. Agree or disagree with the statements below:
1. The geological processes of external origin are caused by chemical activity of gases and magmas within the earth.
2. Gravitation influences only the geological processes of external origin.
3. The wind carries loose particles and helps to wear away rocks.
4. Weather conditions play an important part in weathering.
5. All types of rocks are weathered quickly.
6. Physical weathering results in formation of new minerals.
7. In very dry and cold region chemical weathering is very active.
8. The higher the temperature, the slower the rock alteration.
7. Ask questions for the following sentences.
| Active Voice | Passive Voice (Wh. ) be S V3? | |
| Model verbs | (Wh. ) can S V? Where can physical weathering occur? | (Wh. ) can S be V3? What groups can geological processes be divided into? |
| Present Simple | (Wh. ) do (does) S V? Where does the process of rock weathering take place? | (Wh. ) is (are) S V3? Why are sandstones weathered quickly? |
| Past Simple | (Wh. ) did S V? How did stalactites form? | (Wh. ) was (were) S V3? How were oil deposits discovered in the past? |
1. The first group includes the processes, which act on the crust. (What processes …? )
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2. The processes of internal origin act within the crust. (Where …? )
3. The process of rock alteration is called rock-weathering. (How …? )
4. The nature of the weathering process depends on the kind of rock and on the specific conditions of its environment. (What … on? )
5. Water can be compared with the blood of an organism. (What … with? )
6. Chemical weathering is closely associated with water. (What … with? )
8. Though the two terms 'weathering' and 'erosion' refer to different geological processes, they are often considered similar. Do you know the differences between them? Compare weathering with erosion. Read the information bellow and say which geological process is described.
Weathering or Erosion?
Definition.
1) It is the decomposition or breakdown of rocks or other materials without changing their original position.
2) It is the displacement or removal of rocks or other sediments from their original position.
Movement.
1) It involves the movement or carrying away of rocks and other materials, and thus, is a dynamic process.
2) It does not involve any movement of rocks or other materials, and thus, is a static process.
Causes.
1) It is caused by direct contact with the atmospheric conditions such as air, pressure, etc.
2) It is caused by agents such as water, wind, ice, human activities, etc.
Types.
1) The main types of this process are water process, wind process, ice process, soil process, coastal process and gravity process.
2) There are two main types of this process: physical and chemical. However, there is one more type that is biological, which can be a component of both the physical and chemical processes.
Examples.
1) When the root of a plant grows into a crack, it will create pressure on the surrounding rock. Due to the pressure of the growing root, the rock will break apart.
2) The movement of rocks on slanting surfaces due to gravity.
3) Repeated hitting of waves that lead to breakage of rocks and their displacement.
4) When rain reacts with natural elements in the atmosphere such as nitrogen and sulphur dioxide it turns acidic. The acid interacts and dissolves the rock.
(from: http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/what-is-the-difference-between-weathering-and-erosion. html)
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