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3. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
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3. Find in the text and read out English equivalents of these words and word-combinations.
Геологические опасности; землетрясение; наводнение; извержение вулканов; оползни; обвал породы; лавины; приводить к травмам; приводить к потере жизни; приводить к потере имущества; влиять на деятельность человека; приводить к бедствиям; приводить к оползням; убивать людей; природные геологические катастрофы; техногенные геологические катастрофы; быть вызванным выкачиванием нефти; лавины, вызванные строительством шоссе; устойчивые склоны; жить близко к зоне тектонической активности; жить в затопляемой пойме; проводить геологическое исследование; предотвращать геологические опасности; становиться бедствием; распознание геологической опасности; подходы к решению проблемы; в зависимости от типа геологической опасности; решение проблемы; избегать проблемы; изменить место строительства атомной станции; устранить геологическую опасность; предсказать геологическую опасность; более дорогостоящий; самая ужасная катастрофа в природе; разрушить город; сейсмические волны; трясти землю; тяжелые потери; разрушительное землетрясение; научно доказано.
4. Answer the following questions.
1. What are geologic hazards?
2. When does a geologic process become a geologic hazard?
3. What geologic hazards do you know? What is the most terrible geologic hazard?
4. What is the difference between “naturally occurring geologic hazards” and “man-induced hazards”?
5. What examples of man-induced hazards can you give?
6. What is an earthquake?
7. What damage can an earthquake cause?
8. Where do the majority of earthquakes occur?
9. What is a tsunami?
10. What are tsunamis caused by?
11. What is a landslide?
12. What can the geologist do about geologic hazards?
13. How many approaches to solving the problem of geological hazards do you know? What are they?
14. What hope do we have for eliminating disasters caused by geologic hazards?
5. Match the words and word-combinations from the first column with the words and word-combinations that have the same meaning from the second column.
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| 1. to result from 2. disaster 3. to affect 4. to inhabit 5. to conduct an investigation 6. to take place 7. hazardous 8. destruction of buildings 9. to result in 10. to cause loss of life 11. location 12. costly 13. to reduce 14. to travel through 15. to travel over the territories 16. awful 17. loss of life | a. to influence b. damage of property c. to be caused by d. terrible e. catastrophe f. dangerous g. place h. death i. to cause j. expensive k. to pass through l. to spread over areas m. to occur n. to carry out a survey o. to decrease p. to live in q. to kill people |
6. Replace the underlined words and word-combinations with their synonyms.
1. Geologic hazards are geologic processes, which can causedamage of property and loss of life.
2. An earthquake is ground shaking which is caused by a sudden movement of rock in the earth’s crust.
3. An earthquake can occur at any time of the day or night and at any time of the year.
4. Although thousands of earthquakes take place each year, most are too small to affect people.
5. But some earthquakes can be very hazardous, exposing people to the risk of death.
6. In 2011 in Japan there has been an awful catastrophe - Tsunami. It was causedby a violent earthquake and destroyed many lives.
7. A geologist can conduct geologic investigations that can be used to prevent a geologic hazard from becoming a disaster.
8. Floods become dangerous when man lives in the flood plain.
9. Seismic waves travel overgreat distances.
10. Geological surveys can help to decreasedeath and destructions, which result from geologic hazards such as earthquakes and landslides.
7. Fill in the gaps in this paragraph about earthquakes.
Earthquakes are one of the most 1. ________ and unpredictable natural disasters. Earthquakes can 2. _______ thousands of people in seconds and 3. ________ cities. There are many natural 4. _______ that can be associated with earthquakes such as 5. ________ - a series of long ocean waves that cause extensive flooding in coastal areas. People cannot exactly 6. ________ and prevent the occurrence of earthquakes, but with the help of geological 7. ________, the damage to life and property can be 8. _________.
(from: http: //www. buzzle. com/articles/what-causes-earthquake. html)
8. Ask questions for the underlined words and word-combinations.
1. Natural disasters are caused by geologic processes.
2. Natural disasters result in great destruction of life and property.
3. 160, 000 people were killed by the tsunami.
4. In 2003 the earthquake occurred in Iran.
5. A powerful volcanic eruption took place on August 26, 1883 in Krakatau.
6. The earthquake caused a great damage: many houses, public buildings, and communication systems were destroyed.
9. Listening
9. 1 Listen to the text ‘Three of World's Deadliest Tsunamis’ and fill in the table.
| Date | Magnitude of the earthquake, which caused the tsunami | Height of waves | Cities and countries suffered from the tsunami | Losses of lives | |
| The Indian Ocean Tsunami | |||||
| The Messina Tsunami | |||||
| The Lisbon Tsunami |
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