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Lesson 12. United States of America. Grammar practice. The Passive Voice. (страдательный залог). 2. Write questions using the Passive.
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LESSON 12
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
| Grammar practice: | 1. Passive Voice |
| Reading and translation practice: | 1. The USA 2. New York 3. The Agriculture of the USA |
| Conversation practice: | 1. What Is a True American? 2. American Holidays |
Writing practice: 1. Presentation
GRAMMAR PRACTICE
The Passive Voice
(Страдательный залог)
Passive Voice (Страдательный Залог) показывает, что предмет или лицо, являющееся подлежащим, подвергается воздействию со стороны кого-либо или чего-либо, то есть, действие производится над подлежащим:
The lectures are attended by the students.
Действующее лицо или предмет в предложениях в Passive Voice часто не указывается, но если необходимо его назвать, то используется предложное дополнение с предлогами by или with:
The letter was written by him.
The letter was written with a pen
Passive Voice образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be, который указывает на время, лицо и число сказуемого, а также неизменяемой части, выраженной причастием прошедшего времени смыслового глагола ( Participle II ), то есть его III основной формой, которая указывает на лексическое значение сказуемого.
| be + Participle II |
| Time Infinitive | Present | Past | Future |
| Simple (to be V3) | am is V3 are | was were V3 | will be V3 |
| Continuous | am is being V3 are | was were being V3 | ____ |
| Perfect (to have been V3) | have has been V3 | had been V3 | will have been V3 |
Сравните формы глагола-сказуемого в Active Voice и Passive Voice:
| Tense | Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| Present Simple | They explain the new rules | The new rules are explained. |
| Present Continuous | Theyare explaining the new rules. | The new rules are being explained. |
| Present Perfect | They have explained the new rules. | The new rules have been explained. |
| Past Simple | They explained the new rules | The new rules were explained |
| Past Continuous | They wereexplaining the new rules. | The new rules were being explained. |
| Past Perfect | Theyhadexplained the new rules. | The new rules had been explained. |
| Future Simple | Theywill explain the new rules. | The new rules will be explained. |
| Future Perfect | Theywill have explained the new rules. | The new rules will have been explained. |
1. Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in the correct form: sell, cause, damage, hold, include, invite x2, make overtake, show, translate, write, wake up.
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1. A cinema is a place where films ……. 2. Many accidents … by dangerous driving. 3. Cheese … from milk. 4. The roof of the building … in a storm a few days ago. 5. There’s no need to leave a tip. Service … in the bill. 6. You … to the wedding. Why didn’t you go? 7. In the United States, elections for President … every four years. 8. 16. Originally the book … in Spanish and a few years ago it … into English.
9. We were driving along quite fast but we …. by lots of other cars.
10. I often … to parties. 11. We …. by a loud noise during the night. 12. Such equipment … in special shops.
2. Write questions using the passive.
1. Ask about the telephone. (when/invent? ) 2. Ask about glass. (how/make? ) 3. Ask about America. (when/discover? ) 4. Ask about silver. (what/use for? ) 5. Ask about television. (when/invent? ) 6. Ask about London. (when/found? ) 7. Ask about Edison. (when/be born? )
8. Ask about elections for President in the USA. (how often/hold? )
9. Ask about Palmyra (how/destroy? ) 10. Ask about Independence Day. (when/celebrate? )
3. Order the words to make questions.
1. In China/cars/made/are?
2. Was/the first underground railway/opened/where?
3. In five minutes/can/the potatoes/roasted/be?
4. For the exam/the students/will/prepared/be?
5. Tea/when/served/be/will?
6. Lunch/being/is/today/provided?
7. Broadcasted/the videos/be/may?
8. To them/last week/were/given/laptops?
9. Closed/for repairs/has/the road/been?
10. Asked/by the teacher/was/he/yesterday?
11. Were/caught/the thieves?
12. Are/in the language lab/the tests/always/written?
13. My apology/be/will/accepted?
14. In Alaska/eagles/are found?
15. For the World Exhibition/built/was/the Eiffel Tower?
16. The workers/by computers/will/replaced/ be?
17. Carrots and beans/be/cooked/can/together?
18. By the police/seen/the accident/was/yesterday?
4. Change the sentences from active to passive.
1. Somebody cleans the room every day. _____________________.
2. They cancelled all flights because of fog. _______________.
3. People don’t use this road very often. ______________________.
4. Somebody accused me of stealing money. ____________________.
5. How do people learn languages? ___________________________.
6. People advised us not to go out alone. _______________.
7. You can hear this hit everywhere. ____________________.
8. Clara is going to mail this letter tomorrow. __________________.
9. Somebody is using the computer at the moment. _______________.
10. They have built a new hospital near the airport. ___________.
11. Doctors use this medicine widely ________________________.
12. They deliver milk before 8 a. m. __________________________.
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13. They offered me the vacancy. ___________________________.
5. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use Active or Passive.
1. There’s somebody behind us. (I/think/we/follow) I think we are being followed.
2. This room looks different. (you/paint? )
3. My car has disappeared. (it/steal! )
4. My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody/take)
5. Tom gets a higher salary now. (he/promote)
6. Ann can’t use her office at the moment. (it/redecorate)
7. The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it’s OK.
(it/ work/again; it/repair)
8. The police have found the people they were looking for. (two people/arrest/last night)
9. A tree was lying across the road. (it/blow down/in the storm)
10. The man next door disappeared six months ago. (nobody/see/since then).
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