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Проверьте, как вы запомнили слова.
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(1 -10) in an effort to get a reliable unit; the performance of a device; to predict the achievement; exceedingly high resistance
(11 - 20) the goal of creating IC; the speed of response depends; to respond at a rate of a few million times a second; capacitors are difficult to shrink; the microscopic dimensions of new circuits; the point of discussion; the performance benefit resulting from microelectronics
(21 — 30) close coupling of computer conductors; the power consumption is of designer concern; the shortcoming of the device
(31 — 40) difficulty of manufacturing of switching systems; to assemble circuit modules; the impetus to new studies; to lead to similarity; the advent of a new concept; to mount devices on a substrate
(41 — 50) to provide a new manufacturing technique; to involve changes; the transistor is a two-junction device; the term refers to the material; base regions on each chip
(51 — 67) the third electrode called the gate; in the common mode of operations
Задания к Основному тексту.
1.17. Устно переведите вторую часть (II) Основного текста; обобщите ее содержание на русском или английском языке.
1.18. Найдите в Основном тексте английские эквиваленты следующих речевых отрезков:
1. увеличивать надежность электронных приборов; 2. до изобретения транзистора; 3. низкий расход энергии; 4. уменьшение расстояния между элементами схемы; 5. характеристики электронных систем улучшились во много раз; 6. появление микроэлектронных схем; 7. микроэлектронные приборы состоят из
1.19. Изложите кратко содержание Основного текста на английском языке. Основная тема сообщения: Electronics began with the development of the transistors. Используйте следующие клише:
1. The evolution of (integrated circuits) must begin with the development of...; 2. In the broad sense (an integrated circuit) is a combination of...; 3. As (chip density) increases...; 4. The (circuit density) begins...; 5. It appears that (the process)...; 6. In summary, (the integrated circuit) offers...
Проверьте, сможете ли вы перевести.
1.20. Переведите следующие определительные блоки существительного:
1. computer-aided design; 2. intensive efforts; 3. several key developments; 4. low power consumption; 5. entirely solid-state components; 6. small-scale integrated circuits; 7. complete arithmetic and logic unit; 8. modern scientific and business computers; 9. commercially produced microelectronic devices; 10. metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor technology; 11. a steady quantitative evolution; 12. an attainable response; 13. entirely new handling; 14. ever-growing number; 15. performance benefit; 16. dimensional tolerance; 17. fineline lithography, 18. plasma-etching process; 19. materials research; 20. defect-free silicon; 21. reflection mode; 22. ever low cost; 23. much larger market; 24. widening range of applications
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1.21. Выявите определительные блоки существительных. Определите их структуру и функцию в предложении. Переведите предложение, опуская определения.
1. With the invention of the transistor all essential circuit functions could be carried out inside solid bodies. 2. Plasma etching results in large increase in etch rate. 3. The process is a chemical vapour reaction conducted under reduced pressure conditions. 4. The electrical resistance of a metal wire is a disruption of the orderly movement of electrons by interactions with the atomic structure of the material.
Учитесь читать и переводить.
Текст 1.3. Переведите текст письменно со словарем, обращая внимание на перевод глаголов implies, embraces, come и существительных body, art
It should first be made clear what the term ''microelectronics" implies. Microelectronics embraces the entire body of the electronic art which is connected with, or applied to, the realization of electronic circuits, subsystems, or the entire systems from extremely small electronic devices. The terms "microelectronics" and "integrated circuits" are sometimes used interchangeably, but this is not correct.
Microelectronics is a name for extremely small electronic components and circuit assemblies, made by thin-film, thick-film or semiconductor techniques.
An integrated circuit (IC) is a special land of microelectronics. It is a circuit that has been fabricated as an inseparable assembly of electronic elements in a single structure. It cannot be divided without destroying its intended electronic function. Thus, ICs come under the general category of microelectronics, but all microelectronic units are not necessarily ICs.
Текст 1.4. Прочитайте текст; найдите в нем информацию о сущности интегральной электроники. Обобщите прочитанное в виде аннотации на английском языке. Схему аннотации см. после текста.
Integrated Electronics
Integrated electronics is a field so new and so fast changing that many interested people have difficulty keeping up with its day-to-day developments. There is even some confusion concerning what integrated electronics is and what its significance is for the development of science and technology.
The essence of integrated electronics is batch (партия; группа) processing. Instead of making, protecting, testing and assembling individual (or discrete) components one at a time, large groupings of these components together with their interconnections are made now, all at a time. The resulting new entity, or "integrated component", therefore, is an assemblage of old-style components interconnected into circuits, networks, or even subsystems. Hence, for a given system function the number of separate components have been greatly reduced, while system capability has been greatly increased.
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Integrated electronics will develop further. First, the efforts are being made to get more and more circuit functions on slice of silicon which means cramming (размещение) even more circuit elements into still smaller areas. Second, integrated electronics will move not only towards more functions per slice, but toward new types of functions.
Рекомендуемая схема аннотации:
1. The author examines...; 2. He considers...; 3. Details are given of...; 4. The consequence of the development is...; 5. In the future...
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