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Спряжение глагола to detect — расследовать в Simple Future
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| Лицо | Утвердительная форма + | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма ? | ||||
| Единственное число | |||||||
| 1л. Зл. | I shall detect | I shall not (shan't) detect | Shall I detect? | ||||
| He | He | will not detect | he | ||||
| She It | will detect | She It | (won't) | Will | she detect? it | ||
| Множественное число | |||||||
| 1 л. | We shall detect | We shall not (shan't) | Shall we detect? | ||||
| 2 л. | You will detect | detect | Will you detect? | ||||
| З л. | They will detect | You They | will not (won't) detect | Will they detect? | |||
| Примеры: | |||||||
| I shall have practical lessons tomorrow. | У меня будут практические занятия завтра. | ||||||
| Next year the students will master investigative actions. | В следующем году студенты будут изучать следственные действия. | ||||||
| We shall not take written examinations, only oral ones. | Мы не будем сдавать письменные экзамены, только устные. | ||||||
| He will not work at a law enforcement office next year because he is a student. | Он не будет работать в правоохранительном учреждении в следующем году, так как он студент. | ||||||
| Will you have practical lessons tomorrow? Yes, we shall. | У вас будут практические занятия завтра? Да. | ||||||
| When will the teacher come? He will come soon. | Когда придет преподаватель? Он скоро придет. | ||||||
HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UK
Education after 16 is voluntary in the United Kingdom. Students, who live in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland must take at the age of 16 the examinations for General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). In Scotland students re-ceive the Scottish Certificate of Education. After this exam students can choose to stay in school or attend colleges of further education.
British universities are self-governing and are guaranteed academic independen-ce. Funding for education and research is provided by funding councils set up by Parliament. The number of universities jumped in 1992 when polytechnics and so-me other higher education establishments were given the right to become universi-ties. By the end of 1994, there were some 90 universities, almost half of them for-mer polytechnics, including the Open University.
Many of the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge universities were founded in the 12th and 13th centuries. All other universities in Britain were founded in 19th and 20th centuries. The Open University, based in Milton Keynes, England was foun-ded in 1969. It uses extension techniques of correspondence courses, television and radio programmes, and video cassettes, supported by local study centres and resi-dential summer schools, to provide higher education opportunities to a wide varie-ty of people.
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During the 1960s there was a significant increase in the number of new univer-sities, reflecting a fast growth in student numbers which was made possible by an expansion in grant facilities. During the 1980s, an expansion in higher education places led to another large jump in student numbers. In the 1992-1993 academic year there were more than 1,4 million students in full – or part-time higher educa-tion in Great Britain, compared with just under 850,000 a decade earlier. About one quarter of young people are in higher education in England, Wales, and Scot-land; one third in Northern Ireland. About 90 per cent of students get state grants to cover tuition fees and living costs.
The size of the grant is determined by parents income. Since the late 1980s, ho-wever, grants have been frozen; students can apply for a student loan.
Vocabulary
Voluntary - добровольное
Attend - посещать
Self-governing - самоуправляемый
Funding - финансирование
Funding councils - советы по финансированию
To set up - основывать
Significant - значительный
Polytechnics - политехнические институты
Extension techniques - технологии дистанционного образования
To reflect - отражать
Parents income - доход родителей
Student loan студенческий заём
BRITISH UNIVERSITIES
There are more than forty universities in Britain, of which 36 are in England, 8 in Scotland, 2 in Northern Ireland and 1 in Wales. The two oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. These date from the Middle Ages. Oxford is the oldest of these two universities, it is more philosophical, classical, theological. The history of Oxford began in 1249, that of Cambridge – in 1348, Among the En-glish universities Oxford and Cambridge have a special eminence, and they are dif-ferent from the others.
English had no other universities, apart from Oxford and Cambridge, until the nineteenth century. The universities which were founded between 1850 and 1030, including London University, are known as redbrick universities (they were called so because that was the favourable building material of the time). They are in Lon-don, Durham, Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield, Bristol, Nottingham, etc. The division between Oxford and Redbrick is sharp. The division is essentially a class one. Redbrick universities were built to provide liberal education for the poorer boys and to give technological training. Oxford and Cambridge graduates scorned them.
The universities which were founded after the Second World War are called «the new universities». They are in Staffordshire, Kent, Essex, Lancaster, Sussex, York. Some of them quickly became popular because of their modern approach to university courses.
All British Universities are private institutions. Every university is independent, autonomous and responsible only to its own governing council. Although they all receive financial support from the state, the Department of Education and Science has no control over their regulations, curriculum, examinations, appointment of staff, or the way they spend money. The number and type of faculties differ from university to university. Each university decides each year how many students it supposes to admit. The admission to universities is by examination or selection (interviews). The students receive grant. The have to pay fees and living costs but every student may receive from the local authority of the place where he lives per-sonal grant which is enough to pay lodging and food – unless his parents are rich. Most students take jobs in the summer for about six weeks, but they do not nor-mally do outside work during the academic session.
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Students who pass examinations at the end of three or four years of study get Bachelor’s degree. The first postgraduate degree is normally that of Master confer-red for a thesis based at least one year’s fulltime work. Universities are centres of research and many postgraduates are engaged in research for higher degree, usually Doctorates.
The British government does not think to build more new universities. There is a tendency to expand the older ones. The most interesting innovation is Open Uni-versity.
Answer the following questions:
1. Is education after 16 voluntary in United Kingdom?
2. What document do the students receive at the age of 16?
3. Are the British universities self -governing?
4. What universities are the oldest in Britain?
5. When was the significant increase in the number of universities in Great Britain?
6. How many students get state grants?
Ex.1. Read the international word and guess their meaning.
Mind the stress.
‘history ‘popular phi’losophy,techno’logical
‘course ‘special au’tonomous e,xami’nation
‘session ‘private se’lection,inno’vation
‘interview ‘ normal de’partment,edu’cation
‘student ‘liberal fi’nance,uni’versity
‘centre ‘modern ma’terial,insti’tution
‘faculty ‘interesting the’ology,theo’logical
Ex.2. Memorize the following pairs of derivatives.
N → Adj V → N
finance – financial divide – division
philosophy – philosophical educate – education
theology – theological found – foundation
technology – technological decide – decision
history – historical regulate – regulation
education – educational examine – examination
difference – different appoint – appointment
independence – independent govern – government
autonomy – autonomous pay – payment
Ex.3. Transform as in the models:
M o d e l 1: to educate people – education of people
To found the university, to regulate the studies, to examine students, to appoint the tutors;
M o d e l 2: degree of a bachelor – bachelor’s degree
degree of a master, life of the students, parents of students, the report of the
scientist;
M o d e l 3: Department of Education – Education Department
centres of research, colleges of the University, history of Oxford, faculty of
Law.
Ex.4. Match English and Russian equivalents:
1. higher education а. получать стипендию
2. private institutions b. местные власти
3. university curriculum c. Учебный триместр
4. to receive grants d. сдать экзамены
5. local authority e. учебный план университета
6. academic session f. высшее образование
7. to pass exams g. Научно-исследовательский центр
8. research centre h. частные учебные заведения
Ex.5. Choose the right word:
1. Oxford is … of all British universities.
a) the youngest b) the oldest c) the poorest
2. All British universities are … institutions.
a) state b) old c) private
3) The… to the Universities is examination or selection.
a) admission b) regulation c) innovation
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4. Most students take … in the summer for about six weeks.
a) exams b) job c) accommodation
5. The students … grants.
a) spend b) receive c) pay
Ex.6. Complete the sentences:
1. The oldest Universities in Britain are …. 2. There is a sharp division bet-
ween …. 3. New universities became popular because …. 4. Every university is independent, and responsible only to …. 5. Students who pass exams after three or four years of studies get …. 6. There is a tendency to expand ….
Ex.7. Insert the right word:
(British, Oxford, Britain, Oxford and Cambridge, Open University)
There are 47 universities in …. The oldest universities are …. The history of ….began in 1249. These two universities are different from all other … universities. Redbrick universities were built to give technological training. … universities are private institutions, but they receive financial support from the state. The British government does not think to build new universities. The most interesting innovation is ….
Ex.8. Mark the statements that are true.
1. All British universities are private institutions. 2. The admission to the university is by examination or selection. 3. The Department of Education and Science controls appointment of staff. 4. The number and type of faculties is the same at all British universities. 5. Students never work in summer, they work during the academic year. 6. The first postgraduate degree is that of Master. 7. Universities are centres of research.
Ex. 9. Answer the questions on the text:
1. How many universities are there in Great Britain? 2. What are the oldest British universities? 3. What Redbrick universities can you name? 4. Why did “ the new universities” quickly become popular? 5. All British universities are private institutions, aren’t they? 6. What university degree do you know? 7. Are universities centers of research?
Ex.10. Make a short summery of the text. Do it according to the following plan:
1. The title of the text is…
2. The text is devoted to…
3. It consists of…
4. The first passage deals with…
5. The second (Third, forth, etc.) passage deals with…
6. The main idea of the text is….
Ex.11. Translate into English:
1. В возрасте 16 лет каждый житель Великобритании обязан сдать экзаме-ны на получение Сертификата о среднем образовании.
2. Экзамены продвинутого уровня являются необходимым требованием для поступления в университет.
3. Британские университеты являются полностью самоуправляемыми.
4. В 1992 году политехническим институтам было предоставлено право стать университетами.
5. Открытый университет, широко известный своими технологиями дис-танционного обучения, был основан в 1969 году.
6. В 60-е годы в Соединённом королевстве наметился значительный рост числа университетов.
7. Размер гранта на обучение определяется исходя из дохода родителей.
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