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Medical humor: medical slang. The respiratory system. Pneumonia
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MEDICAL HUMOR: MEDICAL SLANG
Betty - a patient with diabetes. " Did you give that betty on Ward 4 his insulin? "
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Phonetic exercise: respiratory [ri’spirə tə ri; ri’spairə rə tə ri; ‘respirə tə ri], allow [ə ’lau], through [‘θ ru: ], fluid [‘flu: id], exchange [iks’t∫ eind3], pharynx [‘fæ riŋ ks], throat [θ rə ut], immediately [i’mi: diə tli], cavity [‘kæ və ti], superior [su: ’piə riə; sju: ’piə riə ], esophagus [i: ’s 
fə gə s], larynx [‘læ riŋ ks], trachea [trə ‘ki: ə; trei‘ki: ə ], lungs [lΛ ŋ z], bronchus [‘br ŋ kə s], bronchi [‘br ŋ kai], passages [‘pæ sid3iz], airways [‘ε ə wiz], respiration [, respə ’rei∫ n], inspiration [, inspə ’rei∫ n], expiration [, expi’rei∫ n], capacity [kə ‘pæ siti], tracheitis [, trə ‘ki’aitis], bronchitis [, br ŋ k’aitis], pneumonia [nju: ’mə uniə ], chronic [‘kr nik], obstructive [ə ’b’strΛ ktiv], pulmonary [‘pΛ lmə nə ri; ‘pulmə nə ri], disease [di’zi: z], lung cancer [lΛ ŋ ‘kæ nsə ]
Make a report on the respiratory system according to the plan below:
Definition: the system that allows gas exchange through all parts of the body.
Function: to allow gas exchange.
Structure: the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract.
The upper respiratory tract:
the nasal cavity: a large fluid filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.
The pharynx: the part of the neck and throat situated immediately behind the mouth and nasal cavity, superior to the esophagus, larynx, and trachea.
The larynx: an organ in the neck involved in protection of the trachea and sound production.
The lower respiratory tract:
the trachea, or windpipe: a tube that is connected to the pharynx or larynx;
the bronchi: passages of airway that conduct air into the lungs;
the lungs: the main organs of respiration: the left lung: 2 lobes; the right lung: 3 lobes; 300-500 million alveoli; the respiration rate: 10-20 breaths per minute; the vital capacity: 4-6 liters.
The most common diseases: tracheitis, acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, fungal pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, TB, lung cancer, etc.
PNEUMONIA
Phonetic exercise: disorder [dis’so: də; diz’o:: də ], pneumonia [ n ju: ’mə uniə ], characterized [‘kæ ktə raizd], viral [‘vaiə rə l], bacterial [bæ k’tiə riə l], bacteria [bæ k’tiə riə ], lungs [lΛ ŋ z], parenchyma [pə ‘reŋ kimə ], alveoli [‘æ lvi lai], alveolar [‘æ lvi lə ], fungi [‘fΛ ŋ gai], parasitic [, pæ rə s’sitik], parasites [‘pæ rə saits], exudation [, eksju: ’dei∫ n], severe [si’viə ], mucous [‘mju: kə s], mucus [‘mju: kə s], chronic [‘kr nik], acute [ə ’kju: t], antigen [‘æ ntid3ə n], cough [k : f], rales [ra: lz], dyspnea [disp’ni: ə ], antibiotics [, æ ntibai’ tiks], cessation [sə s’ei∫ n]
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Make a report on pneumonia according to the plan below:
Definition: an inflammatory condition of the lung, often characterized as inflammation of the parenchyma of the lung (that is, the alveoli) and abnormal alveolar filling with fluid (consolidation and exudation).
Causes: viruses and bacteria.
Less common causes of infectious pneumonia: fungi and parasites.
Evaluation: History: a personal medical history, a medication history, a family history, a smoking history, a history of contacts with infected individuals, a social history, an occupational history, etc.
Physical examination: observation, percussion, palpation, and auscultation.
Instrumental evaluation: chest X-ray, occasionally a chest CT (computed tomography), sputum cultures, blood tests: a complete blood count, specific blood serology tests for other bacteria (Mycoplasma, Legionella and Chlamydophila), a urine tests, respiratory secretion tests, liver function tests, etc.
Combining findings: fever > 37. 8 °C (100. 0 °F), pulse > 100 beats/min, rales/crackles, decreased breath sounds, absence of asthma.
Treatment: treatment for community acquired pneumonia: oral antibiotics, rest, fluids, and home care; hospitalization for severe pneumonia.
Treatment for bacterial pneumonia: amoxicillin, erythromycin, or azithromycin, etc.
Treatment for viral pneumonia: no specific treatments.
Prevention: smoking cessation; vaccination, etc.
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