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ВАРИАНТ 5. Ernst Rutherford. 2. It is a gravitation that makes the satellites move round the Earth.
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ВАРИАНТ 5
Задание 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, принимая во внимание различные функции слов it, that, one.
1. It is necessary to reduce the load in the battery to a minimum.
2. It is a gravitation that makes the satellites move round the Earth.
3. One may work in this laboratory only observing certain rules.
Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именами существительными.
1. The voltage source supplies energy.
2. Radio devices perform various communication tasks.
Задание 3. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The tests will show how accurately the device is performing.
2. The resistance of conductors is affected by temperature.
Задание 4. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните причастие, определите его форму, функцию и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Having finished the experiment the students left the laboratory.
2. The switch when opened causes a momentary current in the reverse direction.
Задание 5. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните герундий, определите его функцию и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. A transformer is used for transferring energy.
2. A problem of substituting a transformer with a trouble is readily solved.
Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, определите, является ли инфинитив подлежащим или обстоятельством цели, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Bipolar transistors are used to obtain high values of voltage gain.
2. To obtain high linearity was the purpose of the experiment.
Задание 7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст, затем перепишите и письменно переведите 1 и 4-й абзацы текста.
Ernst Rutherford
1. Ernst Rutherford was born in New Zealand and got his higher education at New Zealand University. While at the University he became interested in physics and developed a magnetic detector of radio waves. However he was completely interested in the practical application of his discoveries.
2. In 1895 came turning point, he received a scholarship to Cambridge University.
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3. At Cambridge Rutherford worked under J. J. Thomson. Then after a short period at the University in Montreal, Canada, and a trip back to a New Zealand to get married, he returned to England.
4. Hard on the heels of Becquerel, Rutherford began work in the exciting new field of radioactivity. He was one of those who, along with Curies, had decided that rays given off by radioactive substances were of several different kinds. He named the positively charged ones alpha rays and the negatively charged ones beta rays. We know now that they consist of speeding particles, so we speak of alpha particles and beta particles instead.
5. Between 1906 and 1909 Rutherford, together with his assistant, Geiger studied alpha particles intensively and proved that the individual particle was a helium atom with its electrons removed. He suggested that this must be the fundamental positively charged particle. He called it a proton.
6. Rutherford’s interest in alpha particle led to something greater still. From his experiments he developed the theory of nuclear atom, which is accepted today.
7. For his outstanding scientific achievements Rutherford has been awarded a Nobel Prize.
Пояснения к тексту:
1. turning point – поворотный момент
2. under J. J. Thomson – под руководством Д. Д. Томсона
3. Montreal – Монреаль
4. hard the heels of Becquerel – сразу же за Беккерелем
5. exciting = interesting
6. along with the Curies – вместе в супругами Кюри
7. Geiger – Гейгер
Задание 8. Выпишите из текста предложения, содержащие наиболее полный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What was the most important result of Rutherford’s experiments with alpha particles?
ВАРИАНТ 6
Задание 1. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, принимая во внимание различные функции слов it, that, one.
1. It is this method that will lead to a successful results.
2. It is cheaper to transmit a low current at a high voltage, rather than a high current at a low voltage.
3. One can easily solve a difficult problem using a computer.
Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именами существительными.
1. The ionosphere layers reflect the radio waves.
2. The voltage source supplies energy.
Задание 3. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Several attempts have been made to produce artificial rain.
2. Automation is being increasingly used in all branches of industry.
Задание 4. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните причастие, определите его форму, функцию и переведите предложения на русский язык.
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1. When appearing between anode and cathode the intense electrical field accelerates the ions towards the cathode.
2. Having invented the lightning conductor, Franklin continued working on the problem of atmosphere electricity.
Задание 5. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните герундий, определите его функцию и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Smoking is not allowed in this building.
2. Satellites are very useful for making ecological surveys.
Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, определите, является ли инфинитив подлежащим или обстоятельством цели, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. To find the mass of the electron scientists carried out numerous experiments.
2. To develop useful and reliable noise criteria was the purpose of the research.
Задание 7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст, затем перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й абзац текста.
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