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Употребление артикля с именами собственными
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Согласно общему правилу, собственные имена существительные употребляются без артикля. В приведенных ниже случаях перед именами собственными используется определенный артикль.
1 Перед фамилиями (в форме множественного числа), обозначающи- ми всю семью в целом. Например: The Browns − Брауны.
2 Перед географическими названиями, имеющими следующую структуру: the + существительное нарицательное + the + существительное собственное. Например: the Cape of Good Hope, the city of Moscow, the
Tower of London, the north of Spain.
3 Перед названиями океанов, морей, рек, озер, проливов, каналов, заливов. Например: The Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the Themes, the Ontario (но: Lake Ontario), the English Channel, the Suez Canal, the Gulf of Mexico.
4 Перед географическими названиями в форме множественного числа
(страны, горные цепи, группы островов). Например: the Philippines, the
Netherlands, the Bahamas, the British Isles, the Alps, the Ural Mountains. Но в единственном числе артикль с такими названиями не используется. Например: Russia, (Mount) Everest, Great Britain, Sicily.
5 Перед названиями стран, если в них помимо имени собственного есть также имя нарицательное. Например: the United States of America, the German Federal Republic, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland.
6 Перед названиями сторон света: the South, the North, the East, the
West.
7 Перед названиями некоторых регионов. Например: the Middle East, the Far East, the Crimea. Однако перед названиями графств и штатов артикль не ставится. Например: Yorkshire, Texas.
8 Перед названиями пустынь. Например: the Sahara (Desert), the Gobi
(Desert).
9 Перед названиями гостиниц, ресторанов, театров, кинотеатров, музеев, клубов, судов, поездов, газет, банков. Например: the Hilton (Hotel), the Bombay Restaurant, the National Theatre, the British Museum, the Titanic, the Orient Express, the Times, the Bank of England.
Впрочем, следует иметь в виду, что в тех случаях, когда в таких названиях первый элемент – имя или фамилия владельца или основателя с- s или - `s на конце, артикль не употребляется. Например: Harrods, Macdonalds, Luigi`s Italian Resaturant, Claridge`s (Hotel), Lloyds Bank.
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Определенный артикль не употребляется в приведенных ниже случаях.
1 Перед названиями городов артикль не используется. Например: Washington, Glasgow, Paris. Исключением является голландский город Гаага: the Hague.
2 Перед названиями континентов артикль не используется. Например: Africa, Asia, Europe, South America.
3 Перед названиями улиц, парков, станций и аэропортов, университе- тов, исторических зданий, поскольку в таких названиях первым элементом выступает имя лица или название местности. Например: Fleet Street, Hyde
Park, Heathrow, Victoria Station, Cambridge University, Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey.
Упр. 8. Вставьте определенный или неопределенный артикль, где необхо- димо:
1. This morning I bought … newspaper and … magazine. … newspaper is in
my bag but I don't know where I put … magazine.
2. I saw … accident this morning. … car crashed into … tree. … driver of … car wasn't hurt but … car was badly damaged.
3. This house is very nice. Has it got … garden?
4. I like living in this house but it's a pity that … garden is so small.
5. Can you recommend … good restaurant?
6. We had dinner in … very nice restaurant.
7. We had dinner in … most expensive restaurant in town.
8. There isn't … airport near where I live … nearest airport is 70 miles away. 9. − Are you going away next week? − No, … week after next.
10. I'm going away for … week in … September.
11. George has a part-time job. He works three mornings …
week.
12. Could you close … door, please?
13. I've got … problem. Can you help me?
14. My sister has just got … job in … bank in … Manchester.
15. There's … small supermarket at … end of … street I live in.
Упр. 9. Вставьте определенный или неопределенный артикль, где необходимо.
1. − Where did you have … lunch? − We went to … restaurant.
2. − Did you have … nice holiday? − Yes, it was … best holiday I've ever had. 3. − Can you tell me where … Room 25 is, please? − It's on … second floor.
4. − We spent all our money because we stayed at … most expensive hotel in town. − Why didn't you stay at … cheaper hotel?
5. You'll find … information you need at … top of … page 17.
6. (airport announcement) − Flight BA123 to … Vienna is now boarding at … Gate 21.
7. I don't usually have … lunch but I always eat … good breakfast.
8. If you live in … foreign country, you should try and learn … language.
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9. … computer has changed the way we live.
10. There was no wind, so … sea was very calm.
11. … Peru is … country in … South America. … capital is … Lima.
12. Jill plays … violin in an orchestra.
13. There was … piano in the corner of the room.
14. Our society is based on … family.
15. Martin comes from … large family.
16. When was … paper first made?
17. … young have the future in their hands.
18. … examination paper wasn't too difficult but I couldn't answer … question 8.
Упр. 10. Вставьте определенный или неопределенный артикль, где необходимо.
1. Every term parents are invited to … school to meet the teacher.
2. − How do your children get home from… school? By bus? − No, they walk … school isn't very far.
3. When he was younger, Ted hated … school.
4. Nora works as a cleaner at … hospital.
5. When Ann was ill, we all went to … hospital to visit her.
6. Peter was injured in an accident and was kept in … hospital for a few
days.
7. John's mother is a regular churchgoer. She goes to … church every
Sunday.
8. John went to … church to take some photographs of the building.
9. In many places people are in … prison because of their political opinions.
10. The other day the fire brigade were called to … prison to put out a fire.
11. Shall we meet after … work tomorrow evening?
12. If I'm feeling tired, I go to … home early.
13. I like to read in … bed before I go to sleep.
14. It was a long voyage. We were at … sea for four weeks.
15. There's a nice view from the window. You can see … sea.
Упр. 11. Выберите правильный вариант.
1. Apples/The apples are good for you.
2. Look at apples/the apples on that tree! They're very big.
3. Women/The women live longer than men/the men.
4. I don't drink tea/the tea. I don't like it.
5. We had a very nice meal. Vegetables/The veg- etables were especially good. 6. Life/The life is strange sometimes. Some very strange things happen.
7. Who are people/the people in this photograph?
8. What makes people/the people violent? What causes aggression/the aggression?
9. First World War/The First World War lasted from 1914 until 1918.
10. Ron and Brenda got married but marriage/the marriage didn't last very long.
11. Don't stay in that hotel. It's very noisy and beds/the beds are very uncomfortable.
Упр. 12. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. … Broadway is in … New York.
2. South of England is warmer than north.
3. The highest mountain in Africa is Kilimanjaro (5,895 meters).
4. Which newspaper shall I buy … «Independent» or … «Herald»?
5. Chicago is on Lake Michigan.
6. Portugal is in western Europe.
7. France and Britain are separated by Channel.
8. Another park in central London is … St. James's Park.
9. Next year we are going skiing in … Swiss Alps.
10. … Grand Hotel is in … Baker Street.
11. Jim has travelled a lot in … Middle East.
12. We flew to New York from … Gatwick Airport near London.
13. … United Kingdom consists of … Great Britain and … Northern Ireland. 14. … Seychelles are a group of islands in … Indian Ocean.
15. If you're looking for a good clothes shop, I would rec- ommend … Harrison's.
16. … River Volga flows into … Caspian Sea.
17. You should go to … Science Museum. It's very interesting.
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