Членение высказываний (развертывание редуцированного предиката)
⇐ ПредыдущаяСтр 4 из 4 Членение высказываний бывает двух видов – внешним и внутренним.
Членению, как правило, подвергаются те английские высказывания, в которых фактически два субъекта. Один из них выражен и грамматически представлен подлежащим в предикатном словосочетании, состоящем из подлежащего и сказуемого; другой существует в скрытой, завуалированной форме. Для его выражения в английском языке используется ряд особых грамматических средств. К ним относятся так называемые синтаксические комплексы с инфинитивами и герундием.
Exercise 4.9. Переведите предложения, учитывая членение высказываний в разных синтаксических комплексах и абсолютных конструкциях: 1. Horns locked, the two stags struggle for mastery. 2. I crouched in the alleyway, my eyes straining in the darkness. 3. So with the lamps all put out, the moon sunk and a thin rain drum ming on the roof, a downpouring of immense darkness began. 4. The best part having been given to another actor, Josh felt unwilling to continue his involvement in the show. 5. We are dividing up the grant according to need, the largest amount being given to the homeless. 6. Her project completed, Hilary left the team.
7. With heavy seas in the North Atlantic, fishing boats stay in harbour. 8. Paintings by old masters realized £702,190 at a sale in London, with two Rembrandts accounting for £278,000 of the total. 9. The sellers offered the buyers 5,000 tons of oil, delivery to be made in October. 10. With hundreds of teachers in Detroit being threatened with layoffs, and with thousands of others around the country set to lose their jobs this fall, the American Federation of Teachers (AFT) membership is probing new ways of financing public education in order to solve this crisis.
Exercise 4.10. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на оговорки типа if any: 1. If anything, it will be in their interests to follow this course. 2. Other researchers, however, remained adamant that there are few if any gender differences in management. 3. When a hearing is finished, the committee decides what report, if any, it will make to the House on the measure. 4. Though this thesis sounds admirably democratic in principle, most people believe that it would make it extremely difficult, if not impossible, for them to attain unity and real democracy. 5. Of course, interpreting, if more spectacular, is not the only aspect of linguistic activity in the international sphere. Whatever the length of the discourse, a good interpreter never asks the orator to stop in order to enable him to render it bit by bit. Some orators have been known to speak for over an hour non-stop. Interpretations, of course, are actually somewhat shorter than original speeches, but even then, this represents tremendous effort. 6. If anything, it would be to the advantage of this country to pursue an independent policy. 7. Over a period I have asked my bronchial friends who smoke, what advice, if any, their doctor has given them in this matter. 8. The universities have shown few if any signs of a willingness to change. 9. Brian rarely, if ever, goes to bed before 3 am. 10. Their policies have changed little, if at all, since the last election. 11. Her needs are just as important as yours, if not more so. 12. The snow was now two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, to get the car out. 13. It’s a really fast car, if a little expensive. 14. Use live natural yoghurt, full-fat, if possible. 15. It’s warm enough here in London. A little too warm, if anything. 16. Given that the patients have some disabilities, we still try to enable them to be as independent as possible. 17. Given the number of people we invited, I’m surprised so few came. Exercise 4.11. Переведите предложения (газетные сообщения): 1. Nine veterans of the Soviet effort to clean up the Chernobyl nuclear disaster site entered the seventh day Tuesday of a hunger strike called to dramatize their demand for their health compensation payments to be raised to reflect the cost of living. 2. Airbus showed off its giant A380, a double-decked behemoth that could revolutionize long-haul flying, at a lavish ceremony Tuesday with European leaders gathered for the first official look at the world’s largest passenger plane. 3. A demonstration of 500 hungry teachers, parents and students in Birmingham yesterday demanded that the council withdrew its £3 million cuts in education. 4. Hiroshima, 680 kilometers southwest of Tokyo, was hit hardest today when the magnitude 6.4quake struck at 3:28 p.m.local time, but it rattled windows as far away as South Korea. 5. A recent national survey of 107,804 adults by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that more than two-thirds of Americans - 64 percent of men and 78 percent of women — are either dieting to lose weight or watching what they eat to prevent themselves from gaining weight.
Exercise 4.12. Переведите предложения, используя членение/объединение высказываний, перераспределение информации: 1. Former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev said Tuesday that Russians must do their utmost to preserve democracy, and he criticized a number of President Vladimir Putin’s policies as a step backward, insome of his sharpest words yet about Putin. 2. At the age of 44, childless and single after the death of her long-term partner, Sarah had given up hope ofbeing a mother. But tomorrow, thepart-time teacher from south London will meet Louise - the one- year-old child she is about to adopt. 3. Many of the children brought in the shelters suffer from disease. Tuberculosis is common, and AIDS is becoming a concern, said Groton.
4. Throughout Russia 250,000people took to the streets to voice their disdain - in some cases their support — for the reforms, which are intended to replace Soviet-era benefits with cash payments. Exercise 4.13. Переведите предложения, используя членение/объединение высказываний, перераспределение информации: 1. В июле Аналитический центр Юрия Левады поинтересовался у россиян: «Что в настоящее время больше всего осложняет жизнь нашей семьи?» В репрезентативном опросе приняли участие 2108 жителей различных регионов нашей страны. Выяснилось, что больше всего граждан обеспокоены низкими зарплатами и нехваткой денег. Эта проблема занимает умы 69% опрошенных. В 1994 году она также стояла на первом месте: тогда недостаток средств волновал 68% респондентов. 2. Начало 2005-го, объявленного в Удмуртии Годом пожилых людей, ознаменовалось митингом протеста пенсионеров с требованием отмены закона о монетизации льгот. Вчера утром в центре Ижевска возле памятника Ленину собрались свыше тысячи пожилых людей. Организаторами акции выступили местные коммунисты. 3. В среднем по России 20% семей давали или готовы дать взятку при поступлении детей в учебные заведения. Об этом в четверг на конференции «Экономика системы образования: результаты второго года мониторинга» сообщил ректор университета Высшая Школа экономики Ярослав Кузьминов. 4. Вчера очередной митинг прошел в Красногорском районе Московской области: около 300 пенсионеров, требующих возвращения льгот, перекрывали Волоколамское шоссе. Этот район ближнего Подмосковья находится не так далеко от знаменитого Рублевского шоссе с его элитными поселками, где обитает в том числе и политическая элита — московская и федеральная.
Exercise 4.14. Переведите предложения: 1. Friendly Talks in Moscow. The Prime-Minister of Viet-Nam arrived in Moscow yesterday at the invitation of his Russian counterpart. (коллега аналогичного поста) – Вчера в Москву по приглашению российского коллеги прибыл премьер–министра Вьетнама. 2. Russian-Chinese Foreign Ministers to Meet. The Russian Foreign Minister will meet the Chinese Foreign Minister in New York later this month, it was announced yesterday in Moscow. The meeting will take place during the forthcoming session of the United Nations General Assembly. (министр иностранных дел России) предстоящий – Как было объявлено вчера в Москве, министр иностранных дел России встретиться с министром иностранных дел Китая НЬЮ-Йорке в этом месяце. 3. The President of Senegal Here for Talks. The President of Senegal arrived in London from Paris on a 4-day state visit during which he will meet and have talks with the British Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary. (министр иностранных дел UK)государственный визит 4. Russian Foreign Minister for London. The Russian Foreign Minister will make an official visit to Great Britain, it was announced here today. The visit is in return for the recent visit to Moscow of the British Foreign Secretary. 5. US President to Visit France. The US President will pay an official visit to France next month, it was announced here today. The State Secretary is expected to accompany the President on this visit which is in return for the French President's visit to the US. (госсекретарь сша (министр иностранных дел)) 6. India's Premier to Visit Moscow. India's Prime-Minister has accepted an invitation to visit Moscow and is to arrive on July 1 on a three - day state visit, the Foreign Ministry announced. (МИД) 7. Saudi King Arrives in Britain. King of Saudi Arabia arrived in Britain yesterday at the start of an official four-day visit. Talks with the British prime-minister and Foreign Office representatives are expected to focus on the oil market and on Britain’s relations with Syria. (МИД UK)переговоры 8. British-Hungarian Contacts. Broadening contacts between Britain and Hungary were welcomed yesterday in a joint communique issued in London at the end of the visit by the Hungarian Foreign Minister. Связи, совместное коммьюнике It’s the first Hungarian leader to make an official visit to Britain for 20 years. The British Foreign Secretary has accepted an invitation to pay a return visit to Hungary. 9. Head of State to Visit Russia. The Vietnamese head of state will pay an official visit to Russia from May 10 to 16, it was announced in Hanoi today. Глава, нанести официальный визит He is expected to discuss with the Russian leaders a wide range of problems. The Vietnamese delegation headed by him is to visit some European countries after its stay in Moscow. 10. Finnish Foreign Minister to visit Moscow. The Finnish and Russian Foreign Ministers will hold a meeting on Saturday in Moscow, it was announced in Helsinki today. The Finnish Foreign Minister will be accompanied by three advisers, including the head of Foreign Ministry's political department. Trade, scientific and technological cooperation will be among the questions discussed. Сопровождать, торговое, научное, техническое сотрудничество The Finnish Ambassador to Moscow is expected to be present during the talks. 11 Jordan and Syria Hold More Talks. Yesterday in Amman the Prime-Ministers of Jordan and Syria held a second round of talks aimed at overcoming political differences between their countries. Преодолевать разногласия The Premiers who met for more than three hours on Tuesday night are expected to issue a joint communique. к (выпустить совместное коммьюнике) 12. A Treaty with Slovakia. A Russian government delegation led by the Russian Premier arrived in Bratislava yesterday on an official visit to sign a treaty of friendship and mutual assistance. The delegation includes the Foreign Minister, the Defence Minister and some political advisers. The head of the Russian delegation will also discuss with the Slovakian leaders the topical problems of the current international situation and some questions of mutual interest. (ГЛАВА) 13. South Africa's Foreign Minister in France. South Africa's Foreign Minister arrived in Paris yesterday on a two-day visit. According to a French government spokesman, the French Foreign Minister returned to the capital for a meeting with his South African counterpart after accompanying the French President on part of a tour to South America. The ministers are expected to discuss state-to-state relations. France is one of South Africa's five major trading partners. 14. British Premier to Visit South Africa Next Month. The British Prime-Minister is to travel to South Africa next month, the first British Prime-Minister to visit the republic since Harold Mcmillan made his landmark "winds of change" speech there 34 years ago. веха The two-day visit is beginning on September 20. It will be a “broad-based” visit to Cape Town, Pretoria and Johannesburg designed to cement the new political economic and cultural ties between Britain and Pretoria. Скрепить неразрывными узами 15. Polish Premier Visits Italy. A Polish delegation led by the Polish Premier arrived in Italy yesterday on a 3-day visit which is designed to improve economic relations between the two countries, Welcoming the Polish Prime-Minister at Rome's airport the Italian Prime Minister said he saw the visit as part of his government's efforts to overcome differences between their two countries. 16. Canadian Prime-Minister in Moscow. At the invitation of Russia's Government the Canadian Prime-Minister was on an official visit to Russia from May 17 to 28. During his stay in Russia the Canadian Prime Minister had official talks with Russian leaders. The talks were held in an atmosphere of understanding and cordiality. The parties exchanged views on the Russian-Canadian relations, prospects for broader cooperation and other problems of mutual interest. The Russian and Canadian premiers signed a protocol which provides for regular high-level consultations on important International problems as well as questions of mutual interest. Радушие, обменяться мнениями, The Canadian Premier got a warm welcome in Russia. 17. Britain in Dubai Talks. The British Defence Secretary held talks yesterday on military cooperation in the United Arab Emirates, the official news agency said. (Министр обороны) The Defence Secretary who had arrived from Saudi Arabia met with his Arab counterpart for talks on a number of bilateral issues and regional and international matters of mutual interest, the agency said. The British embassy sources said that the meeting also covered military links but they ruled out the signing of any agreement.
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