 |
Exercise 3. Translate into English.
|
|
|
|
1) Действительно, требуются и время и немалые усилия, чтобы выполнить серьезное научное исследование. 2) Мы гордимся тем, что именно русский ученый А.С. Попов построил первую радиостанцию в мире. 3) В то время, если женщина очень хотела получить высшее образование, она обычно уезжала за границу. 4) Только упорный труд делает талантливого человека великим ученым. 5) Несмотря на все трудности, ему все-таки удалось доказать правильность своей гипотезы. 6) Именно С.П. Королев создал целый ряд выдающихся конструкций реактивных кораблей для исследования космоса. 7) Полет Ю. Гагарина неопровержимо доказал, что теория К. Циолковского верна. 8) Только Д.И. Менделееву, русскому ученому, профессору Санкт-Петербургского университета, удалось создать периодическую классификацию всех известных тогда элементов, расположив их в таблицу. 9) Как раз в 19 веке, в результате развития науки об электричестве появилась новая отрасль - электротехника. 10) Именно процесс расщепления сделал возможным создание ядерного реактора и атомной бомбы. 11) Только путем выполнения многочисленных экспериментов и сбора данных, многие из которых окажутся позднее нерелевантными, и может происходить прогресс. 12) Как раз наш великий ученый М. Ломоносов первым открыл закон сохранения материи.
UNIT 6. Modal Verbs
Exercise 1. Choose the proper Russian equivalents of modal verbs.
1) One can assume this to be self-evident. 2) One can expect the scope of research to expand steadily. 3) One can watch more and more people move into biology from other areas of research. 4) One can hardly tolerate one's ideas being criticized, without an attempt to defend them. 5) One can hardly expect a true scientist to keep within the limits of one narrow long-established field. 6) One should always keep an open mind receptive to new ideas, so one should not completely oppose speculation, but one must take care not to get too involved in it. 7) One should start a new subject of research with collecting experimental evidence and classifying it. 8) One should be able to pick out the most important things from the great wealth of information. 9) To be a successful scientist one must at the very least be able to ask questions. 10) One has to test the validity of a theory by experiments. 11) One need not solve a great many problems to be a great scientist. 12) One does not have to accept this viewpoint.
|
|
|
Exercise 2. Study the usage of modal verbs followed, by perfect and non-perfect infinitive.
1) Most primitive tools and devices must have been invented independently by different civilizations. 2) If there was someone to put a question there must be somebody, sooner or later, to answer it. 3) There has to be a way out of any situation. 4) By that time the resources of the planet nay have been completely exhausted. 5) A scientist may freely choose his line of research. 6) Everyone might be granted the right to be occasionally wrong. 7) They might have put the sample in freezer; it would be more effective. 8) At all the times there were ideas which should have been given more attention than they actually were. 9.) Good ideas should be written down before they are forgotten. 10) Not a single scientist shall work on the problems whose solution may be a threat to mankind. 11 ) They cannot have reached the same level of development. 12) Nature would never be exhausted to challenge man with more riddles. 13) With our present-day technology such phenomena could not have been observed in the laboratory; what was registered must, in fact, have been due to some malfunctioning of the recorder. 14) Intelligence of human quality is not to be achieved overnight; there ought to pass plenty of time for anything comparable in complexity to human brain to evolve. 15) A true scientist will enjoy his work more than anything else and would often be prepared to sacrifice his weekends and vacation in order to proceed with his research.
Exercise 3. Grammar in proverbs. Translate these sentences into Russian and suggest Russian sayings of similar leaning.
1) A fool may ask more questions than a wise man can answer. 2) Who seeks blows shall perish by blows. 3) Friends may meet, but mountains never. 4) You may lead a horse to water but you can't make it drink. 5) He who would search for pearls must dive below. 6) What can't be cured must be endured. 7) People who live in glass houses should not throw stones. 8) Accidents will happen. 9) The cat would eat fish but would not wet her feet. 10) Bad seed must produce bad corn. 11) What's done cannot be undone. 12) It would make even a cat taught. 13) None so deaf as those who won't hear. 14) If we can't as we would, we must do as we can. 15) The beggar may sing before the thief.
Exercise 4. Bead the text. Substitute the proper English verbs for the Russian words in brackets.
Those who wish to become students at the university (обязаны) take their entrance examinations. Recruitment of students to the university follows certain procedures which no one (разрешено) ignore. If a perspective student is ill and (не в состоянии) appear before the examination board he (надлежит) present a certificate to this effect, in which ease the examination (приходится) be postponed. Another rule is that no student (не должен) be late for his examination. Also, students (не должны) argue with the examination board, although this is not a regular rule, but rather wise advice. However, whether they strictly observe the rules or not, there are always people who (могут) fail in their examinations and those who (обычно) succeed. This (всегда была и будет) be the situation at all times.
UNIT 7. The Participle
|
|
|
