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I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
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The application of plastics enables the railway to receive light and strong cars
With good resistance to mechanical damage.
We heard the operation experts demand the reduction of the overall weight of
Vehicles (транспортные средства).
This type of engine is said to have some advantages.
Plastics used in transport are supposed to have no special reinforcement.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.
Zinc being the cheapest metal with a strong tendency to lose electrons, we
Commonly use it for the production of electric current.
Electrical machines perform a giant’s share of the work done today, this share
Steadily increasing.
Having obtained new devices the researchers could make complex
Experiments.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.
If somebody wants to design a car of the advanced type, he must take into
Account the properties of some of the new materials.
Had there been better conditions, the construction of the new car body would
Have been finished much earlier.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.
THE CAR OF THE FUTURE
It is safe to predict that in the near future most cars will use the internal combustion engine and burn petrol. At the present rate of production oil supplies will run out in about fifty years, and we will have to look for other sources of energy. That is one of the most important aspects of the problem, another being the damage that exhaust fumes do to the environment and health of the people, especially in the towns.
What kind of vehicle will eventually take over? (приходить на смену) At present there is a lot of talk about electric cars, for they have the advantage of giving off no exhaust fumes. The electric car has a long history. The first cars were built at the end of the last century but they could not compete against the internal combustion engine.
They have several disadvantages. First, we have no really suitable batteries – they tend to be too heavy, take a long time to charge, have too small capacity and a relatively short life.
So scientists and engineers are looking for better storage batteries and cells, and ways of using energy more economically and recharging batteries during deceleration.
Today thermal power-stations burning coal and oil, the resources of which are not inexhaustible, give a considerable proportion of the total electric power output. Water power is also limited, and at present the output of atomic power-stations is still insignificant, and one cannot tell yet if they and future thermonuclear power-stations will ever meet the world needs of motor transport. Therefore, car manufacturers are looking for other energy and fuel sources.
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КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №4.
ВАРИАНТ 5.
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
Automation is known to have speed up both the development of rocket
Production and that of nuclear energy.
The new system of automatic control is likely to be used in the near future.
We know the existence of life on Earth to depend upon the continuous receipt
Of enormous quantities of energy from the Sun.
In recent years we have seen vast new progress take place in space research.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.
Automation having been firmly established in space research, our spaceships
Employ automatic instruments in the study of cosmic space.
Having made a great many observations during their flights, cosmonauts
Successfully fulfilled their programme.
Space research is being developed rapidly in our country, automation being
Widely used in space research.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.
A great number of stones lying on the Moon’s surface proved that the lunar
Ground was firm enough and would not sink, if it were stepped on, walked
Across or put heavy weight upon.
It would have been impossible to launch space rockets, if we had not had the
Necessary polymeric materials and synthetic fuels.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.
THE ORBITAL STATIONS OF THE FUTURE
Long-term orbital research stations are very useful to scientists today for weather forecasting, agriculture, geology, sea and air transport and for protecting the environment.
A modern long-term orbital station is a research laboratory in space, where the researches can be done that are quite unconceivable on Earth.
Take physics. Because there is no atmosphere in space, physicists can study cosmic rays, carry out experiments that may help discover new nuclear reactions and elementary particles.
Then, too, in weightlessness we could get purer materials. When molten metal cools off on the Earth, the density will always be slightly uneven because the surrounding temperature is uneven while gravity upsets the structural balance by distorting the crystallization leaving us with an imperfect end product. In space these problems are avoided, there is no gravity and no atmosphere, so the quality of crystals is sharply improved.
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The crystals grown in weightlessness are extra pure substances which can be used for semiconductors, lasers, computer engineering and in medicine. There will be space observatories too – the research is already under way. From orbit one can watch the development of cyclones and typhoons, predict when they will strike and give an advance warning.
Приложение 1
Таблица неправильных глаголов
| № | I st form | II nd form | III d form | Lexical |
| Infinitive | Past Indefinite | Past Participle | Meaning | |
| TO AWAKE | AWOKE | AWOKE | БУДИТЬ | |
| AWAKED | AWAKED | |||
| TO BE | WAS, WERE | BEEN | БЫТЬ, НАХОДИТЬСЯ | |
| TO BECOME | BECAME | BECOME | СТАНОВИТЬСЯ | |
| TO BEGIN | BEGAN | BEGUN | НАЧИНАТЬСЯ | |
| TO BLOW | BLEW | BLOWN | ДУТЬ | |
| TO BREAK | BROKE | BROKEN | БИТЬ, РАЗБИВАТЬ | |
| TO BRING | BROUGHT | BROUGHT | ПРИНОСИТЬ | |
| TO BUILD | BUILT | BUILT | СТРОИТЬ | |
| TO BURN | BURNT | BURNT | ГОРЕТЬ | |
| TO BURST | BURST | BURST | РАЗРЫВАТЬ(СЯ) | |
| TO BUY | BOUGHT | BOUGHT | ПОКУПАТЬ | |
| TO CATCH | CAUGHT | CAUGHT | ПОЙМАТЬ, ЛОВИТЬ | |
| TO CHOOSE | CHOSE | CHOSEN | ВЫБИРАТЬ | |
| TO COME | CAME | COME | ПРИХОДИТЬ | |
| TO COST | COST | COST | СТОИТЬ | |
| TO CUT | CUT | CUT | РЕЗАТЬ, СТРИЧЬ | |
| TO DO | DID | DONE | ДЕЛАТЬ | |
| TO DRAW | DREW | DRAWN | РИСОВАТЬ, ТАЩИТЬ | |
| TO DREAM | DREAMT | DREAMT | ВИДЕТЬ СНЫ, МЕЧТАТЬ | |
| DREAMED | DREAMED | |||
| TO DRINK | DRANK | DRUNK | ПИТЬ | |
| TO DRIVE | DROVE | DRIVEN | ЕХАТЬ, ВЕЗТИ, ГНАТЬ | |
| TO EAT | ATE | EATEN | ЕСТЬ, КУШАТЬ | |
| TO FALL | FELL | FALLEN | ПАДАТЬ | |
| TO FEEL | FELT | FELT | ЧУВСТВОВАТЬ | |
| TO FIND | FOUND | FOUND | НАХОДИТЬ, ОБНАРУЖИВАТЬ | |
| TO FLY | FLEW | FLOWN | ЛЕТАТЬ | |
| TO FORGET | FORGOT | FORGOTTEN | ЗАБЫВАТЬ | |
| TO FREEZE | FROZE | FROZEN | ЗАМЕРЗАТЬ | |
| TO GET | GOT | GOT | ДОСТАВАТЬ, ПОЛУЧАТЬ | |
| TO GIVE | GAVE | GIVEN | ДАВАТЬ | |
| TO GO | WENT | GONE | ХОДИТЬ, ИДТИ | |
| TO GROW | GREW | GROWN | РАСТИ | |
| TO HANG | HUNG | HUNG | ВЕШАТЬ, ВИСЕТЬ | |
| TO HAVE | HAD | HAD | ИМЕТЬ | |
| TO HEAR | HEARD | HEARD | СЛЫШАТЬ | |
| TO HOLD | HELD | HELD | ДЕРЖАТЬ | |
| TO HURT | HURT | HURT | ПОВРЕДИТЬ | |
| TO KEEP | KEPT | KEPT | ДЕРЖАТЬ, ХРАНИТЬ | |
| TO KNIT | KNIT | KNIT | ВЯЗАТЬ | |
| KNITTED | KNITTED | |||
| TO KNOW | KNEW | KNOWN | ЗНАТЬ | |
| TO LAY | LAID | LAID | КЛАСТЬ, ПОЛОЖИТЬ | |
| TO LEAD | LED | LED | ВЕСТИ, РУКОВОДИТЬ | |
| TO LEAN | LEANT | LEANT | НАКЛОНЯТЬ(СЯ) | |
| LEANED | LEANED | |||
| TO LEARN | LEARNT | LEARNT | УЧИТЬ, ИЗУЧАТЬ | |
| LEARNED | LEARNED | |||
| TO LEAVE | LEFT | LEFT | ПОКИДАТЬ, УЕЗЖАТЬ, УХОДИТЬ | |
| TO LET | LET | LET | ПОЗВОЛИТЬ, РАЗРЕШИТЬ | |
| TO LIE | LAY | LAIN | ЛЕЖАТЬ | |
| TO LOSE | LOST | LOST | ТЕРЯТЬ | |
| TO MAKE | MADE | MADE | ДЕЛАТЬ, ЗАСТАВЛЯТЬ | |
| TO MEAN | MEANT | MEANT | ИМЕТЬ В ВИДУ, ЗНАЧИТЬ | |
| TO MEET | MET | MET | ВСТРЕЧАТЬ(СЯ) | |
| TO PUT | PUT | PUT | ПОЛОЖИТЬ, КЛАСТЬ | |
| TO READ | READ | READ | ЧИТАТЬ | |
| TO RIDE | RODE | RIDDEN | ЕХАТЬ ВЕРХОМ, ЕХАТЬ В… | |
| TO RING | RANG | RUNG | ЗВОНИТЬ, ЗВЕНЕТЬ | |
| TO RISE | ROSE | RISEN | ПОДНИМАТЬСЯ | |
| TO RUN | RAN | RUN | БЕГАТЬ | |
| TO SAY | SAID | SAID | СКАЗАТЬ, ГОВОРИТЬ | |
| TO SEE | SAW | SEEN | ВИДЕТЬ, СМОТРЕТЬ | |
| TO SELL | SOLD | SOLD | ПРОДАВАТЬ | |
| TO SEND | SENT | SENT | ПОСЫЛАТЬ | |
| TO SET | SET | SET | СТАВИТЬ, САДИТЬСЯ, ЗАХОДИТЬ | |
| TO SEW | SEWED | SEWED | ШИТЬ | |
| SEWN | ||||
| TO SHAKE | SHOOK | SHAKEN | ТРЯСТИ (СЬ) | |
| TO SHAVE | SHAVED | SHAVED | БРИТЬ (СЯ). | |
| SHAVEN | ||||
| TO SHINE | SHONE | SHONE | СВЕТИТЬ (СЯ) | |
| TO SHOOT | SHOT | SHOT | СТРЕЛЯТЬ | |
| TO SHOW | SHOWED | SHOWED | ПОКАЗЫВАТЬ | |
| SHOWN | ||||
| TO SHUT | SHUT | SHUT | ЗАКРЫВАТЬ | |
| TO SING | SANG | SUNG | ПЕТЬ | |
| TO SIT | SAT | SAT | СИДЕТЬ | |
| TO SLEEP | SLEPT | SLEPT | СПАТЬ | |
| TO SPEAK | SPOKE | SPOKEN | ГОВОРИТЬ, ВЫСТУПАТЬ | |
| TO SPELL | SPELT | SPELT | ГОВОРИТЬ БУКВАМ | |
| SPELLED | SPELLED | |||
| TO SPEND | SPENT | SPENT | ТРАТИТЬ, ПРОВОДИТЬ | |
| TO SPREAD | SPREAD | SPREAD | ПРОСТИРАТЬСЯ, РАСКИНУТЬ (СЯ) | |
| TO STAND | STOOD | STOOD | СТОЯТЬ | |
| TO STEAL | STOLE | STOLEN | КРАСТЬ | |
| TO STRIKE | STRUCK | STRUCK | БИТЬ, УДАРЯТЬ | |
| TO SWEEP | SWEPT | SWEPT | ПОДМЕТАТЬ | |
| TO SWIM | SWAM | SWUM | ПЛАВАТЬ | |
| TO TAKE | TOOK | TAKEN | БРАТЬ, ВЗЯТЬ | |
| TO TEACH | TAUGHT | TAUGHT | УЧИТЬ, ОБУЧАТЬ | |
| TO TEAR | TORE | TORN | РВАТЬ | |
| TO TELL | TOLD | TOLD | ГОВОРИТЬ, РАССКАЗЫВАТЬ | |
| TO THINK | THOUGHT. | THOUGHT | ДУМАТЬ, ПОЛАГАТЬ | |
| TO THROW | THREW | THROWN | БРОСАТЬ | |
| TO UNDERSTAND | UNDERSTOOD | UNDERSTOOD | ПОНИМАТЬ | |
| TO WAKE | WOKE | WOKEN | БУДИТЬ ПРОСЫПАТЬСЯ | |
| WAKED | WAKED | |||
| TO WEAR | WORE | WORN | НОСИТЬ | |
| TO WIN | WON | WON | ПОБЕЖДАТЬ, ВЫИГРЫВАТЬ | |
| TO WIND | WOUND | WOUND | ЗАВОДИТЬ (ЧАСЫ) | |
| TO WRITE | WROTE | WRITTEN | ПИСАТЬ |
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Приложение 2
Таблица времен английского глагола.
Active Passive
(действительный) (страдательный)
| Образование | Пример | Перевод | Время | Образование | Пример | Перевод |
| I. I n d e f i n i t e | ||||||
| V(s) | He writes | Он пишет | 1. Present | To be +V(ed) (PII) | He is written | Ему пишут (в настоящем) |
| V(ed) | He wrote | Он писал | 2. Past | To be +V(ed) (PII) | He was written | Ему написали (в прошлом) |
| Shall/will V | He will write | Он будет писать | 3. Future | Shall/will + be +V(ed) (PII) | He will be written | Ему напишут |
| II. C O N T I N U O U S | ||||||
| To be +V(ing) P.I. | He is writing | Он пишет (сейчас) | 1. Present | To be + being +V (ed) (P.II.) | He is being written | Ему пишут (сейчас, в данный момент) |
| To be + V(ing) P.I. | He was writing | Он писал (в определеный момент в прошлом) | 2. Past | To be + being + V(ed) (P.II.) | He was being written | Ему писали (в определенный момент в прошлом) |
| Shall/will be + V(ing) P.I. | He will be writing | Он будет писать (в определенный момент в будущем) | 3. Future | Не употребляется | ||
| III. P E R F EC T | ||||||
| Have (has)+ V(ed) (P.II.) | He has written | Он написал (к настоящему времени) | 1. Present | Have (has) +been + V(ed) (P.II.) | He has been written. | Ему написали (к настоящему моменту) |
| Had + V(ed) (P.II.) | He had written | Он написал (к моменту в прошлом) | 2. Past | Had + been + V (ed) (P.II.) | He had been written. | Ему написали (к моменту в прошлом) |
| Shall/will + have + V(ed) (P.II.) | He will have written | Он напишет (к моменту в будущем) | 3. Future | Shall/will + have + been + V(ed) (P.II.) | He will have been written. | Ему напишут (к моменту в будущем) |
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Список литературы.
1. Апресян Ю.Д. Новый большой англо-русский словарь. М. Русский язык, 1999.
2. Баринов С.М., Борковский А.Б. Большой англо-русский политехнический словарь. М. Руссо, 2001.
3. Бурлак А.И. Учебник английского языка для студентов архитектурных и инженерно-строительных специальностей вузов. М. Высшая школа, 1982.
4. Синявская Е.В. Пособие по английскому языку для II курса инженерно-строительных и автодорожных вузов. М. Высшая школа, 1981.
5. Синявская Е.В. Английский язык для инженеров. М. Высшая школа, 1998.
ARROYD T.N.W. Concrete. Properties and Manufacture. Oxford. Pergamon Press, 1962
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