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The Soviet Union
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F
Family policy 107
Fedor, Tsar 26
Feofan the Greek 10
Ferghana Valley 62–3
Ferrara‑ Florence, Council of 15
Filofei of Pskov 24
Finland 57, 67–8
Finland, Gulf of 38, 46
First World War 64
Fiskaly 42
Five Year Plans 100–1
France 45, 49–53, 55–8, 94
Freemasonry 53
Futurists 103
G
Galicia 9
Gapon, Father 85
Georgia 68–9, 122
Germany 45, 55, 67
and Second World War 111–13
reunification of 124
Germans 111
Germogen, Patriarch 27
Glasnost 121–2
‘Going to the People’ 82
Godunov, Boris 26
Gogol, Nikolai 77–8
Golden Horde 7–8, 13
successors of 15–17, 18–19
Golitsyn family 42
Gorbachev, Mikhail 120–3
Gorchakov 62
Gorky, Maxim 95
Gosplan 100, 108, 116
Great Horde 15
Greek Orthodox Church 31
Guerrillas 51
Gubernii 47–8
Gulag 102, 118, 121
H
Hanseatic League 5, 17
Hegelianism 53, 55
Helsinki Final Act 119
Holy Synod 33, 41
Housing 115–16, 127
I
Iarlyk 7, 8
Iaroslav, Great Prince of Kiev 3, 5
Iaroslavl 27
Industry 74, 100, 108
Ingush people 111
Isidor, Metropolitan 15
Islam 8, 46, 61
in Central Asia 61–4
in the Caucasus 68–70
Italy 31
Iuriev University 67
Ivan I (Kalita) 8–9
Ivan III 15, 18
Ivan IV 20–3
Ivan V 42
J
Japan 111
Jews 64, 66, 76–7, 119
Junker Schools 72
Jurisprudence, Imperial School of 54
K
Kadet (Constitutional Democratic) Party 88
Kalmyks 17, 35, 61–2, 111
Kandinsky, Vasily 80
Karamzin, Nikolai 53–4
Katkov, Mikhail 76
Kaufman, General 63
Kazakhs 35, 61–3, 101
Kazakhstan 101, 111
Kazan 19
KGB 114
Khiva, Khanate of 63
Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 128
Khrushchev, Nikita 114–15
Kiev 2–6, 29
Great Prince of 2–3
Metropolitan of 5–6, 8–10
Kipchaks 5
Kokand, Khanate of 62
Kolkhozy 100–1, 108
Kommunalki 108
Koreans 111
Korenizatsiia 109–111
Kormlenie 2, 3, 28
Kopelev, Lev 101
Kronstadt 38
Krugovaia poruka 20, 34–6, 44
Kulaks 100–1, 102
Kulikovo, Battle of 13
Kutuzov, General Mikhail 51
L
Land commandant 75
Latvia 67
Law Codes 4, 20, 47, 54–5
Law Courts 73, 75, 115
Law, rule of 54, 74
Lavra of the Holy Trinity 10
Legislative Commission 47
Lenin, Vladimir 84, 97, 102, 103, 125
Leningrad 116, 125
Likbez 110
Lithuania 9, 13, 14, 17, 21, 25, 46
Local government 47, 73, 74, 90
Lutheranism 67
M
Makarii, Metropolitan 25
Malevich, Kazimir 80
Mamai 13
Mandelstam, Osip 107
Mari people 61
Marxism 82–4, 97, 120–1
May Laws of 1882 66
Medvedev, Dmitry 128
Mensheviks 84, 94
Mestnichestvo (lineage hierarchy) 29
Mikhail, Grand Duke 91
Mikhail Romanov, Tsar 28
Military Chancery 18–19, 28
Minin, Kuzma 27
Ministries 50
Ministry of Interior 50, 75
Mir 2, 34, 38, 75
land tenure system 44
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and emancipation of serfs 72
and narodniki 81
and 1905 revolution 87
and Stolypin 89
and 1917 revolution 92–3
and collectivisation 100–1, 110
Monasteries 10, 41
Mongols 1, 6–9, 13
Monomakh crown 5, 25
Mordvin people 61, 109
Moskovskie vedomosti 76
Moscow 8, 13, 21–2, 116
Metropolitanate of 10, 15, 25
Patriarchate of 10, 26–8, 31, 33, 37
the ‘Third Rome’ 24–5, 26, 32
the ‘Second Jerusalem’ 25, 32
abolition of Patriarchate 40–1
in Napoleonic War 51
in Second World War 112
Mughal Empire 17
Municipalities 48, 73
Muscovy, Grand Principality of 8, 13–16, 129 Chapter 2
Mussorgsky 79
N
Nagorny Karabakh 122
Napoleon 50–3
Narodnaia volia 82
Narodniki 81
National policy 108–111
Nationalism, Russian 76–7, 97, 112–13, 119–20, 123–4
NATO 113, 124
Navy 38
Black Sea Fleet 56–8
Nazi‑ Soviet Pact 111
Nesselrode 56–7
Netherlands 37, 39, 41
Neva river 8, 39
Newspapers 75, 84, 91
Nicholas I 54–9
Nicholas II 66, 88, 96, 125
Nikon, Patriarch 30–1
Nizhny Novgorod 27
NKVD 102–3
Nobility 40, 42–3, 49–50
Charter of 47
Polish 65
German 66–8
and emancipation of serfs 71–2
and zemstvos 73, 75
and State Council 90
Nogais 17, 35
Nomenklatura 98, 103–4, 121
Novgorod 4–6, 8, 14, 18
Novy mir 118
O
Obshchestvennost 74, 93
October Manifesto 88–90
October Revolution 94–5
Odessa 46, 66
Old Belief 32–3, 35, 41, 79
Oligarchs 126–8
Oprichnina 22–3
Orenburg 35
Orthodox Church 3, 8, 10–11, 15–16, 23–6, 27–8, 40–1
schism in 30–3
clergy 33
beards and male clothing 40
Uvarov formula 54
forced conversion to 61, 65
in the Baltic 67
and Russian national identity 77
and Lev Tolstoy 79
anti‑ religious campaign 101, 110
and Russian nationalism 119
and legacy of Stalin 123
Ottoman Empire/Turkey 15, 17, 46, 47, 56–9, 69–70, 74
P
Pale of Settlement, Jewish 66
Palestine 57
Palmerston 57
Pasternak, Boris 107
Paul, Emperor 49
Patron‑ client networks 23, 28, 98–100, 127–8
Peasants 33–6, 119
in rebellion 35–6, 84, 86–7
state peasants 47
and zemstvos 73
and the economy 74, 84 (see also serfdom)
in army 74, 84
in 1905 revolution 87
in 1917 revolution 92–3
and collectivisation 100
and depopulated villages 116
and legacy of Stalin 123
Peipus, Lake 8
Perestroika 121
Persian Empire 17, 68
Peter I 33, 37–42, 49, 54–5
Peter II 42
Peter III 35, 42, 47
Pietism 53
Poland 9, 17, 27, 29, 46, 57–8, 64–6, 73, 76, 90, 101, 110
Poles 111
Police chiefs 75
political police 75
Polovtsy 5
Poltava, Battle of 38
Pomestia 14–15, 17, 18–19, 35–6
Popular Fronts 122
Pozharsky, Dmitry 27
Primary Chronicle 1, 4
Professional strata 74, 88
Prokopovich, Feofan 41
Proletkult 103
Propiska 116
Provincial governors 74–5, 127–8
Provisional Government 91–5
Prussia 46
Pugachev rebellion 35–6
Pushkin, Alexander 53
Putin, Vladimir 127–8
R
Railways 74, 84
absence of 58
Trans‑ Siberian 74
Rasputin, Grigory 91
Reagan, Ronald 120
Red Army 96
Red Guards 92, 95
Riazan 6
Riurikovich dynasty 4–5, 8–9
Roman Empire 24–5
Romanticism 53
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Rostov 6
RSFSR 120, 123–4
Rublev, Andrei 10–11
Russian Federation 125
Russian language 110
Russian literature 53, 77–8, 110
Russians 109–11, 123, 125–6, 130
Russkaia Pravda 4
Ruthenian (west Russian or Rusin) language 9
S
St Petersburg 38, 53–4, 68, 75, 77, 85, 125
Metropolitan of 85
Soviet of 87
St Sophia Cathedral, Kiev 3
St Sophia Cathedral, Novgorod 5
Sakharov, Andrei 119
Sarai 7
Second World War 112–13
Serfdom 20, 33–6, 38, 43, 48–50, 54, 59
abolition of 71–2
Sergy of Radonezh, St 10, 13
Sevastopol 58
Seven Years War 45
Siberia 34, 60
Khanate of 60
place of exile 65
Trans‑ Siberian Railway 74
deportations to 111
Shamil 69
Shevchenko, Taras 65
Skomorokhi 30
Slavophiles 53, 55, 71, 81
Sobornost 11, 55
Social Democratic Party 82–4, 85–7
Socialism 53
Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs) 82, 85–7, 94
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 118
Soviets 87
of St Petersburg/Petrograd 87, 92, 94
2nd All‑ Russian Congress of 94
Sovnarkom (Council of People’s Commissars) 94
Stalin, Joseph 98–9, 102, 110, 114, 115, 121, 123
Stalingrad 112
Startsy (elders) 10
State Council 88
State Duma 88–91
Stolypin, Petr 89
Stravinsky, Igor 80
Sufi brotherhoods 69
Suzdal 1, 6
Sweden 8, 27, 40–2, 46
T
Table of Ranks 40
Tashkent 63
Tatars 17–19, 23, 36, 61
Taxation 23, 34, 126, 127
poll tax 38, 44, 49, 77–8
of Central Asian peoples 63
Teutonic Knights 8, 17
Time of Troubles 26–8, 30
Timur (Tamerlane) 13
Tolstoy, Lev 78–9
Totleben, General 58
Trepov, General 73
Trotsky, Lev 87, 96, 102–3
Tsar, title of 21–3, 28, 41
discrediting of 86, 96
powers of 88
Turkey, see Ottoman Empire
Turkestan 64
Tvardovsky, Alexander 118
Tver 9
U
Udmurt people 61
Uezdy 47–8
Ukraine 2, 64–5
language of 9, 64–5, 109, 125
Hetmanate of 29, 31, 65
church of 31, 64–5
and Gogol 77
holodomor 101
Ukrainians 111
Ulus 7, 13
Uniate (Greek Catholic) Church 64–5
Union of Russian People 66, 77
Urals 34, 36
Uvarov, Count 54
USA 43, 115
V
Valuev 73
Varangians 1, 2
Vasilii III 18
Veche 2, 14
Vikings, see Varangians
Village commune, see mir
Vladimir, Great Prince of Kiev 3, 4
Vladimir Monomakh 5, 25
his Exhortation 6
Vladimir, town of 6
Voevody 28
Volga river 7, 27, 112
region 61, 109
Volost 72, 75
Voltaire 45
Volynia 9
Votchiny 17
W
Warsaw 46
Warsaw Pact 113, 121
Welfare 115–16
Westerners 53, 64, 71, 76
Westphalia, Peace of 44
White Sea 46
Whites, in civil war 96
Women 40, 107–8
Workers 74, 82, 84–7
in 1917 91–2
Writers’ Union 104
Y
Yeltsin, Boris 123–4, 127
Z
Zasulich, Vera 73
Zealots of Piety 30
Zemliachestvo 85
Zemskie sobory 21, 27–8
Zemstvos 66, 73, 74, 75, 90
THE SOVIET UNION
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