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Grammar: Basic Forms of the Verb
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Regular Verbs
| I Base form (Infinitive) | II Past Simple | III Past Participle | IV Present Participle |
| combine defend equip study | combined defended equipped studied | combined defended equipped studied | combining defending equipping studying |
Read the verbs correctly.
1) waited, 2) lived, 3) wanted, 4) stayed, 5) shipped, 6) equipped,
7) entered, 8) functioned, 9) defended, 10) stopped, 11) attended,
12) trained, 13) closed, 14) sailed, 15) hoped, 16) answered.
Irregular verbs
| I Base form (Infinitive) | II Past Simple | III Past Participle | IV Present Participle |
| be быть, существовать, являться, находиться | was, were | been | being |
| find находить, обнаруживать | found | found | finding |
ACNIVE VOICE
| Tenses | Simple | Continuous | Perfect |
| Present | regularly I write Я пишу | now I am writing Я пишу | by now I have written Я написал |
| Past | yesterday I wrote/-ed Я писал | yesterday + at I was writing Я писал | yesterday + by I had written Я написал |
| Future | tomorrow I will write Я буду писать | tomorrow + at I will be writing Я буду писать | tomorrow + by I will have written Я напишу |
| Future-in -the-Past | She said She would write Она сказала, что напишет | She said she would be writing Она сказала, что будет писать | She said she would have written Она сказала, что напишет |
SPEAKING SKILLS
(practice for the qualification exam)
1. 14 Practice Active Tenses and speak on:
1. What you do every day as a post-graduate student.
2. How you are working at your thesis now.
3. What you did last month for your thesis.
4. What you have already done for your thesis.
5. What you are planning (going) to do for your thesis in the near future.
6. What you will do after taking the post-graduate course.
7. How long have you been working at your thesis.
8. How are you getting prepared to your qualifying examinations for the Master degree.
| Be+V3 | Simple | Continuous | Perfect |
| Present | regularly I am invited Меня приглашают | now I am being invited Меня приглашают | by now I have been invited Меня пригласили |
| Past | yesterday I was invited Меня пригласили/я был приглашен | yesterday + at I was being invited Меня приглашали | yesterday + by I had been invited Меня пригласили |
| Future | tomorrow I will be invited Меня пригласят | tomorrow + by I will have been invited Меня пригласят | |
| Future-in -the-Past | She said I would be invited Она сказала, что я буду приглашен/ меня пригласят | She said I would have been invited Она сказала, что я буду приглашен/ меня пригласят |
PASSIVE VOICE
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1. 15 Practice Passive Tenses and speak on:
1. What should be done to become a post-graduate student (make a decision, pass entrance examinations, choose a higher school/faculty/department/advisor/theme/name of the thesis…).
2. What is now being done for the thesis (collect material; carry out experiments; look through/read scientific literature; discuss/think over theme/problems/aspects; attend seminars/conferences).
3. What has already been done.
1.16 Answer these questions:
1. Why did you decide to take a post-graduate course?
2. What was the topic of your diploma research?
3. What higher school did you graduate from?
4. What’s the theme of your thesis?
5. How important and topical is it?
6. How new is the theme?
7. How much and what has already been done on the theme by previous researchers?
8. Are you working now?
9. How do you manage to combine work and post-graduate study?
10. What kind of activity does the research include?
11. Is the thesis theoretical or experimental?
12. What about spare time: have you got it? How do you spend it?
13. Have you ever taken part in scientific seminars and conferences?
14. Have you published your own scientific papers? What are they about?
THERE IS AND IT IS
1.17 Study the examples and work out the rules of using there is and it is.
1. There is still time/no point in waiting/nothing we can do/a problem/no time like the present.
2. It is too late/not my fault/time to go/a nuisance/a priority.
Complete the sentences with there or it and the form of the verb be:
1. …… too late, …… nothing we can do about it now.
2. …… not my fault. …… proper ways to do things and you didn’t follow the procedure.
3. …… problems when the news gets out. …… not the right way to introduce an important change in the way we work.
4. …… time to go. If we leave now, …… time to call in at Head Office on the way to the airport.
5. …… a vacancy in the Accounts Department. …… for someone to control the accounts of the dozen or so major clients.
6. …… a nuisance but …… nothing we can do on our part. We’ll just have to wait.
7. …… gate 57, …… still time for the duty free shop!
8. …… problems with the fax machine which we need to get fixed and …… urgent. – Right, I’ll ring straight away. …… no time like the present.
9. We’ve run out of headed paper. – I think …… a couple of boxes in the stationary cupboard.
10. …… only a couple of days before the deadline, so …… a top priority.
11. …… no point in worrying about it. …… too late.
12.
WORD FORMATION
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1.18 Complete the sentences with adjectives ending in – ful or – less.
1. Smoking is ____________ (harm) to one’s health.
2. I thought it would hurt when the doctor gave me the injection but it was actually quite ______________ (pain).
3. Ted is a very ______________ (care) driver; he has got into many accidents.
4. Don’t be afraid of our dog – he’s _____________ (harm).
5. The woman was very ____________ (help); when I asked her for directions she told me exactly how to get there.
6. It is ____________ (doubt) that he’ll pass the exam as he hasn’t revised at all.
7. The ____________ (care) secretary typed all the letters without making any mistakes.
8. Jamie is a __________ (thought) person who always remembers my birthday.
9. Her _____________ (thought) remarks hurt my feelings.
1.19 Can you work out the meaning of the words below? Prefixes in-, il-, im-,ir- are negative.
illegal immaterial incomplete
illogical immeasurable inhuman
irregular immobile innavigable
irresponsible impolite inactive
irrational impatient invisible
irrelevant imperfect indecisive
irreplaceable impersonal insecure
1.20 Read the text, translate it and make a summary. See the Appendix tips.
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