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Language in use. 7. Раскройте скобки и переведите предложения. Unit 5. Legal systems of the world: legal systems of. К какой правовой системе можно отнести Россию?
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LANGUAGE IN USE
| Participle | Перевод | |
| Present | Being written | В тот момент, когда его писали, будучи написанным |
| Perfect | Having been written | Когда оно уже было написано |
| Past | Written | Написанное |
7. Раскройте скобки и переведите предложения.
1. (to write) in very bad handwriting, he letter was difficult to read.
2. (to spent) many years abroad they were happy to return home.
3. (to wait) in the hall, he thought over a problem he was going to discuss.
4. (to phone) the agency, he continued working.
5. After (to show) the new exhibition he was invited to have dinner.
6. (to hear) the steps he raised his head.
UNIT 5. LEGAL SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD: LEGAL SYSTEMS OF
RUSSIA, THE UNITED KINGDOM, THE USA
TEXT 8
1. Обсудите с коллегами по группе основной вопрос текста, содержащийся в названии:
к какой правовой системе можно отнести Россию?
What Legal System does Russia Belong to?
While establishing its legal system Russia has passed several stages which can be defined according to their historical periods.
Before the socialist revolution (1917), Russian law system borrowed much from German legal system and formally could be included into the German sub branch of the continental law. After the October Revolution Soviet lawyers decided to find their own unique way in law and followed this path for at least 75 years, they tried to find their own identity and to create soviet socialist law in Russia. After these attempts failed, Russia tried to come back to its roots, i. e., to the European system of law.
Therefore, from the formal point of view the Russian law system is closer to the Roman-German law than to the Anglo-American one. It has many features of European continental law but we
cannot say that it fully fits it. Modern post-soviet Russian legal system obtains its individual approaches to various aspects of law.
As Russia’s legal system is based on a civil law system, influenced by Roman law, its emphasis is made on codification. All decisions are based on the foundation of statutes and codes rather than
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judicial precedence, as it is evident in common law. It is brightly demonstrated, for example, in criminal law. As in other civil law countries, the pretrial investigation in Russia is the dominant phase in the criminal process. In this part of the process, a judicial official of the state puts together a case file which contains all evidence of the case and than comes the court which holds an active role in determining case facts, using a more inquisitional system and bringing up a sentence. But, unlike other civil law countries, this legal system allowed for some principles of adversarial proceedings and acknowledgement of the equal rights granted to all parties involved, as it is plasticized in common law mostly.
New steps to reforming and adaptation to these reforms in Russian legal system are on the way nowadays.
2. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующим русским словосочетаниям.
a) содержать доказательства,
б) вынести приговор,
в) шаги к реформированию и адаптации,
г) досудебная стадия,
д) заимствовать из,
е) попытки потерпели неудачу,
ж) полностью соответствовать,
з) иметь собственные подходы.
3. В тексте имеются несколько слов с международным корнем. Найдите их и дайте перевод на русский язык. Назовите другие однокоренные слова с этим корнем на английском и русском языках.
4. Найдите в тексте словосочетания, дефиниции который приводятся ниже.
a) ___________________________is a legal system where two advocates represent their parties' positions before an impartial person or group of people, usually a jury or judge, who attempt to determine the truth of the case. This system is generally adopted in common law countries. An exception, for instance in the U. S., may be made for minor violations, such as traffic offenses.
b) __________________________ is a legal system, opposed to the previous one, which has a judge (or a group of judges who work together) whose task is to investigate the case and to bring up a sentence. . It is widely spread in Europe among some civil law systems (i. e. those deriving from Roman law or the Napoleonic Code).
5. Прочитайте текст еще раз и определите, к каким словам относятся выделенные местоимения.
6. Выразите согласие/несогласие со следующими утверждениями, используя ту или иную формулу речевого общения.
- I really think that..
- I’m sure that..
- In my opinion….
- I disagree that…
- I consider it to be absolutely wrong…
- I can prove that it is …
- It can’t be true/false because…
1) Russia of the 18th century was greatly influenced by German legal system.
2) Soviet lawyers followed the common way of creating the legal system.
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3) Russian legal system of our time is much closer to Continental law than to Anglo-American one.
4) Much attention is given to codification in Russian law system.
5) The pretrial stage of investigation is not of so much importance as the court one.
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