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сходства и различия между этими системами.
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сходства и различия между этими системами.
Table 1. Comparative Analysis of Anglo-American and Russian Legal Systems
| USA | UK | Russia |
| Originally was based on_1___________. Now its influence is limited. Legislation of state Louisiana is based on_2_______________, but is strongly influenced by common law. - mixed system (in some states 3_____________ is applied, in others it is not used). - Constitution. - statutes and constitutions of states. - codes at all levels (federal, state). Three levels: - local, - state, - federal. States are independent, each has its own 4____________ following either the UK or European tradition. | Origins no influence of 5____________. Sources of law - 6_____________, - statutes (Acts of Parliament), - no codes, - no written 7_____________. Levels of Regulation - unilateral state, - one level. | is based on 8__________________ principles, but influenced by the US system. - Constitution, - statutes, - codes, - no 9_____________, but there are some decisions of the Supreme Court that are considered by some lawyers to be sources of law. Three levels: - local, - regional, - federal. Supremacy of federal regulation. Regional and local levels are not as independent as they are in the USA. |
9. Внеаудиторная работа. Подготовьте сообщения для круглого стола о реформировании российской правовой системы в последние годы. Для этого заранее определите круг вопросов и распределите их среди коллег по группе. Изучите предлагаемые рекомендации по подготовке круглого стола и используйте их.
Recommendations
on the Round Table Discussion Organizing
What does a Round Table conference mean? What is it for?
It means that several professionals take part in the discussion, expressing their views on the reasons, essence and consequences on some event or a problem. The purpose of holding such conferences is to clear up the scientific or international approach to such problems.
What is to be done?
1. Choose the topic for your report at the Round Table conference.
2. Choose the discussion leader who will combine the functions of the chairperson and the presenter.
3. Your report should have three main sections: introduction, main body and conclusion.
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4. It should take 3-5 minutes.
5. If you are eager to add any other information to your friends’ presentation – go ahead!
6. While speaking on your topic, try to use the link words and phrases, or sometimes they are called “discourse markers”, which will show how the ideas in your reporting interrelate. Besides they will make your show more understandable, colorful and attracting everybody’s attention.
Words and phrases, useful to make your report at the Round Table conference:
a) A presentation should begin with a clear statement of the topic:
- My presentation deals with the topic of …
- I would like to explain…. in my presentation
- the aim of this report is to…
- the presentation is intended to …
- let’s start with…
b) establishing a sequence:
- as a next step,
- finally,
- first of all.
d) contrasting:
- however,
- alternatively.
e) referring to the past:
- traditionally,
- historically,
- initially.
f) drawing a conclusion:
- as a consequence,
- thus,
- accordingly,
- consequently.
g) emphasizing:
- in fact,
- in particular,
- clearly.
h) summarizing:
- in short,
- summarizing,
- in other words,
- briefly.
i) your point of view:
- from my point of view,
- however, in my opinion.
j)to take part in the discussion of the problem:
- I’m not sure I follow you,
- Did you say that..?
- Sorry, I’m not sure I understand.
- as far as I can see, the main issue is …
- allow me to explain, ..
- it means that…
- so, in other words, …
- to put in another way, …
- let me add that…
- yes, but that’s only one side of the problem.
- sorry, could I please just finish my point?
- going back to what I was saying, …
- would you mind clarifying …
Recommendations to the chairperson:
1. announce the name of the conference,
2. speak on the importance of such conference to stop the spreading drug addiction on the whole,
3. introduce the participants, name the topics of their reports,
4. mention the time limit of 5 minutes for speaking,
5. ask to put down the questions to be discussed later,
6. give the floor to the fist speaker and announce his topic,
7. after his speech control the situation and go on with introducing every next participant,
9. after all the speakers have taken the floor, ask if there are any questions, summarize the information discussed at the conference
10. thank everybody for participation.
UNIT 6. INTERNATIONAL LAW
TEXT 11
1. Прочитайте текст и расставьте заголовки к абзацам текста 1-4.
a) Acting together with national governments.
b) Main principles of existence.
c) Division into disciplines covers different legal aspects.
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d) Factor of great influence.
INTERNATIONAL LAW AS A SUPRANATIONAL
LEGAL SYSTEM
The problematic question if the international law can be considered a modern supranational legal system or it is only the law of international community has been the topic of discussion during the last decades on different prominent legal levels. On the one hand, it has all the features of a newly made international legal system, on the other hand, it doesn’t have the important norm of law – binding execution of adopted laws by all nations. This text is based on the first point of view.
1)_________________
International Law is a newly made legal system. The law of the international community, or the body of customary rules and treaties, ( 1 ) governs accepted as legally binding by states in their relations with each other. International law differs from other legal systems as it primarily concerns sovereign political entities. There are three separate disciplines of international law:
a) public international law, which governs the relationship between provinces and international entities and includes treaty law, law of the sea, international criminal law, and international humanitarian law;
b) private international law, which addresses legal jurisdiction;
c) and supranational law - a legal framework where countries ( 2 ) are bound by regional agreements in which the laws of the member countries ( 3 ) are not applicable when in conflict with supranational laws. At present the European Union is the only entity under a supranational legal system.
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