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VІІІ Змістовий модуль. Практичне заняття № 1. Foods of the Ukrainians. Mealtime Customs. Additional Vocabulary material
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VІІІ Змістовий модуль
“Їжа. Заклади харчування”
Практичне заняття № 1
ТЕМА: Українська кухня. Традиційний та святковий стіл.
Граматичний матеріал: Теперішній перфектно-тривалий час (Present Perfect Continuous)
Читання та обговорення тексту за вказаною темою:
Foods of the Ukrainians
In the southern part of the Ukraine, plains called steppes have what is considered some of the most fertile soil in the world. Abundant rain and a mild climate made the Ukraine famous for its chornozem, or " black earth. " For centuries, the Ukraine was called " the breadbasket of Europe. "
Ukrainian cuisine stems from peasant dishes based on the plentiful grains and staple vegetables grown in the country. Staple crops include sugar beets, potatoes, grapes, cabbages, and mushrooms. These are often key ingredients in soups and salads. The most popular dish is borshch, a hearty soup made in a variety of ways, depending on the person who is cooking it. Mushroom, bean, and pea soups, and millet (a type of grain ) chowders are also common. Other vegetable dishes include holubtsi ( stuffed cabbage) and kartoplia solimkoi (" straw potatoes" ). KotletyPo-Kyivskomy (Chicken Kiev), a chicken breast stuffed with a buttery filling, is a well-known dish outside Ukraine.
In Ukrainian cuisine, when the dough isn't baked, it is usually boiled, such as kasha (hot cereal ), or fried in the form of dumplings or fritters. Freshly made dumplings called varenyky are a common Ukrainian staple. Varenyky is dough stuffed with a variety of foods, such as potatoes, meats, cheeses, sauerkraut, and even fruit, such as blueberries or cherries, for dessert. Each region, restaurant, and family has its own recipe.
The foothills of the Carpathian Mountains, located in the western Ukraine, provide pastures for grazingbeef and dairy cattle. Meats, such as kovbasa ( sausage ), poultry, and pork are important to the Ukrainian diet.
Pork is considered the national meat and pork fat is often used in cooking. It is used mostly for frying, but also can be eaten smoked or with salt. Common dairy products include milk, syrnyky ( cottage cheese fritters), nalynsnyk (cheese-filled crepes ), and riazhanka ( fermented, baked milk ).
Desserts are often baked into sweet breads, cakes, and cookies, and made with honey and fruits, such as plums, blueberries, and cherries.
Mealtime Customs
In general, Ukrainians eat a light breakfast. It can be bread with butter served with coffee or tea, or pastries, such as a cream-filled blintz. Kasha (cereal), steamed buckwheat, barley, or millet with milk may also be served. Their main meal is eaten around mid-afternoon and usually consists of soup, such as borshch and a dish with meat or poultry. The third meal of the day takes place around 6 or 7 p. m. It is usually a time when all family members get together. Eating at a restaurant is considered a luxury, and is usually not done very often. Ukrainians eat with a fork in their left hand and a knife in their right hand. It is considered impolite to hold your hands under the table during dinner, or to put your elbows on the table. In order not to seem wasteful, Ukrainians may eat everything on their plates. When they are visiting, Ukrainians may ask for second helpings to show appreciation for the food. Hosts often give guests a loaf of bread with salt on top, a tradition that dates back many centuries. Bread and salt were once considered necessary ingredients for health. The bread represents hospitality and the salt represents friendship.
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Vocabulary:
breadbasket – житниця, “кошик для хліба”
sugar beet - цукровий бурякіpotato – картопля
grapes – виноград
cabbage – капуста
mushrooms – гриби
borshch – борщ
bean – біб
pea – горох
millet – просо
grain – зерно
chowder – юшкa
holubtsi – голубці
kartoplia solimkoі – картопля соломкою (смажена)
straw potatoes – смажена соломкою картопля
Kotlety Po-Kyivskomy – котлети по-київські
stuffed – начинений, фарширований
cuisine – [kwi´ zi: n] кухня (кулінарна традиція)
dough – [də u] тісто
kasha – каша
cereal – злак
dumplings – галушки
fritters – оладки
varenyky – вареники
staple – головний елемент, основа
sauerkraut – [sauə kraut]кисла капуста
blueberries, cherries – чорницi, вишні
grazing beef - яловичина, що вирощена на підніжному кормі
dairy cattle – молочна рогата худоба (молода)
kovbasa – ковбаса
sausage – ковбаса
poultry – домашня птиця
pork – свинина
smoked – копчений
syrnyky – сирники
cottage cheese – сир (творог)
nalynsnyk – налисник
crepes – крепи
riazhanka – ряжанка
fermented milk – брожене молоко
mealtime - час вживання їжі
buckwheat – гречка
barley – ячмінь
wasteful – марнотратний
Additional Vocabulary material
| ale | пиво |
| almond | мигдаль |
| apple sauce | яблучне пюре |
| baked milk | топлене молоко |
| baked potatoes in their skins | картопля в лушпинні |
| baking soda | харчова сода |
| baking pan | форма для пирога |
| barbecue | барбекю |
| basket dinner | пікнік |
| baste | поливати жиром |
| bean | біб |
| beef stew | тушкована яловичина |
| beet | буряк |
| beverage | напій |
| black pudding | кров’яна ковбаса |
| blanched | почищений |
| boiled buckwheat | гречана каша |
| boiled dinner | блюдо з м'яса і овочів |
| boiled rice | рисова каша |
| boil up | розжарюватися, назрівати; |
| red beet soup | червоний суп з буряка |
| brew | заварити чай |
| broil | смажити на вогні |
| broiled fish | смажена риба |
| brown | підсмажувати, підрум'янювати |
| buffet | шведський стіл, фуршет |
| boil over | перелитися через край |
| ban | булочка з родзинками |
| cake pan | форма для випічки |
| cereal | 1) (хлібний) злак 2) (cereals) зернові культури |
| chew | жувати; пережовувати їжу |
| chop | котлета |
| chuck roast | печеня з курчати |
| chump | частина філе (найч. телятина) |
| cinnamon | кориця (прянощі) цвіт кориці |
| clove | гвоздика |
| cold cereal | пластівці з холодним молоком |
| semolina | манна каша |
| cookie | домашнє печиво |
| condensed milk | згущене молоко |
| condiment | приправа |
| crisp | твердий |
| crisp lettuce | кучерявий салат |
| crust | сухар |
| cucumber | огірок |
| curd | молоко, що згорнулося, сир, творог |
| currant | смородина |
| dessert spoon | десертна ложка |
| dough | тісто |
| doughnut | пампушка |
| dice | нарізувати у формі кубиків |
| dissolve grease | розтопити жир |
| isinglass | желатин |
| famish | голодувати |
| filling | начинка, фарш |
| fish soup | уха |
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Граматичний матеріал: Теперішній перфектно-тривалий час (Present Perfect Continuous)
| Стверджувальна форма Affirmative | Питальна форма Interrogative | Заперечна форма Negative |
| I have (‘ve) been doing | Have I been doing? | I have not / haven't been doing |
| you have (‘ve) been doing | Have you been doing? | you have not / haven't been doing |
| he has ('s) been doing | Has he been doing? | he has not / hasn't been doing |
| she has ('s) been doing | Has she been doing? | she has not / hasn't been doing |
| it has ('s) been doing | Has it been doing? | it has not / hasn't been doing |
| we have (‘ve) been doing | Have we been doing? | we have not / haven't been doing |
| they have (‘ve) been doing | Have they been doing? | they have not / haven't been doing |
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