Действие происходит регулярно, постоянно (usually, always, sometimes, often, seldom, every day)
+ ___ V1 / Vs (he, she, it)
? Do / Does ___ V1 …?
- ___ don’t / doesn’t + V1
Действие произошло в прошлом (yesterday, last year, 3 weeks ago, in 1998, the day before yesterday)
+ ___ Ved / V2
? Did ___ V1 …?
- ___ didn’t + V1
Действие произойдет в будущем (tomorrow, next month, in 2 days, the day after tomorrow)
+ ___ will (‘ll) + V1
? Will ___ V1 …?
- ___ won’t + V1
C
o n t i n
u
o
u
s
Действие происходит в момент речи, временно (now, at the moment, Look!)
+ ___ am / is / are + Ving
? Am / Is / Are ___ Ving
- ___am/is/are + not + Ving
Действие длилось в определенный момент в прошлом (from … till …, at 5 o’clock yesterday, when she came, …)
+ ___ was / were + Ving
? Was / Were ___ Ving
- ___was/were + not + Ving
Действие будет длиться в определенный момент в будущем (from … till …, at 5 o’clock tomorrow, when she comes, …)
+ ___ will + be + Ving
? Will ___ be + Ving
- ___won’t be + Ving
P
e
r
f
e
c
t
Действие совершено на настоящий момент, есть результат действия (already, just, yet, ever, never, so far, for ages, today, this month, recently, lately)
+ ___have/has+ V3(Ved/V3)
? Have / Has ___ V3
- ___ have/ has + not + V3
Действие было совершено к определенному моменту в прошлом (by …, before he came)
+ ___ had + V3 (Ved/V3)
? Had ___ V3
- ___ had + not + V3
Действие будет совершено на определенный момент в будущем (by…, before he comes)
+ ___ will + have + V3 (Ved/V3)
? Will ___ have + V3
- ___ will + not +
have + V3
P
e
r
f
e
c
t
P
r
o
g
r.
Действие началось в прошлом и все еще длится сейчас (since …, for …)
+ ___have/has + been +
+ Ving
? Have / Has ___ been +
+ Ving
- ___ have/ has + not +
+ been + Ving
Действие длилось до определенного момента в прошлом (for …)
+ ___ had + been + Ving
? Had ___ been + Ving
- ___ had not + been +
+ Ving
Способы выражения будущего времени
· Present Continuous – если действие заранее спланировано.
· Be going to – собираться что-то сделать, намереваться.
· Present Simple – если действие происходит по программе, расписанию.
ЗАМЕНИТЕЛИ МОДАЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ
can = to be able to
общая способность – личное достижение
Present
Past
Future
can
could
-
am
is able to
are
was
able to
were
will be able to
may = to be allowed to
общее разрешение – разрешение от кого-то
Present
Past
Future
may
might
-
am
is allowed to
are
was
allowed to
were
will be
allowed to
must = to have to, to be to
должен / должен по обстоятельствам / должен по плану, договору
P.S. to have to = to have got to
Present
Past
Future
must
have / has to
am / is / are to
-
had to
was / were to
-
will have to
-
OБОРОТ “СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ”
COMPLEX OBJECT
I II III IV Y
Подлежащее Сказуемое Существ. в именит./ Причастие / другие