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Ex. 20. Give English equivalents to the italicized words.
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1. There is a variety of companies предоставляющих mobile phone services in our city.
2. Windows 98 is the усовершенствованная version of Windows 95.
3. The shop offers a wide variety of software, включая educational programs, electronic dictionaries, and encyclopedias.
4. The driver is a system program управляющая the sending of data between a computer and a device that is attached to it such as a printer, a scanner, etc. Устанавливая the driver, you teach your mainboard to understand the newly подключенный device.
5. The file system is a part of the operating system обеспечивающая the control of directories and files on the disks.
6. We offer free technical support for users купившим our software.
7. There are so many companies предлагающих mobile phone and Internet services that it can be difficult to choose one.
8. A Recycle Bin allows you to recover accidentally стёртые files.
Ex. 21. TEST. Choose the required variant to complete each sentence.
1. Electronic devices ___ for scientific research since the 1940s.
A. were used C. had used
B. have been used D. was being used
2. I'm sorry I didn't call earlier, but I ___ your message a minute ago.
A. received C. had received
B. have received D. receive
3. The first fully electronic computers ___ for breaking secret military codes during World War II.
A. has been developed C. had developed
B. developed D. were being developed
4. The factory producing pirate CDs ___.
A. were closed C. was being closed
B. has been closed D. are closing
5. Satellites ___ to transmit telephone calls across countries and oceans.
A. has been used C. were being used
B. are used D. used
6. ___ they already tested the new security system?
A. Do C. Was
B. Are D. Have
7. ___ they arrested for illegally copying video recordings.
A. Were C. Had
B. Did D. Will
8. What ___ RAM mean?
A. was C. is
B. has D. does
9. One of the best things about mobile phones is that you can send ___ messages to your friends having the phone.
A. to write C. written
B. wrote D. writing
10. You were lucky enough ___ the bug in time.
A. to detect C. detecting
B. detected D. detects
11. Computers are now ___ than they used to be, but the computer programs you need to operate them can be quite expensive.
A. cheap C. cheaper
B. more cheaper D. the most cheap
12. You ___ copy this text; I will give you a Xerox of this page.
A. mustn't to C. may not
B. should D. can't to
Ex. 22. Memorize the following terms.
| 1. multiprocessing – многопроцессорная обработка, параллельная обработка, одновременное выполнение 2. graphical user interface, GUI– графический интерфейс пользователя, ГИП 3. dialogue box – диалоговое окно (на экране дисплея) 4. pull-down menu – разворачивающееся меню, диалоговое меню 5. software package – пакет программ 6. web browser – веб-браузер, веб-обозреватель, навигатор 7. debug monitor – отладочный монитор (программа) 8. embedded interpreter – встроенный интерпретатор (программа) 9. Basic Input/Output System, BIOS – базовая система ввода-вывода, БСВВ 10. firmware – встроенное ПО, записанное в ПЗУ ПО 11. freeware – свободно (бесплатно) распространяемое ПО 12. public domain software – общедоступные программные средства; свободно копируемые программы 13. shareware –условно-бесплатное ПО 14. commercial software – коммерческое ПО 15. canned software – стандартное ПО, массовое ПО 16. packaged software – коробочный софт, коробочное ПО 17. custom software – заказное ПО 18. computer manufacturer's software – ПО, поставляемое изготовителем ЭВМ |
Ex. 23. Translate the following text into English (do it in writing).
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Условно-бесплатное ПО – способ дистрибуции недорогого ПО, которое доступно как "попробуй, перед тем как купить". Такие программы можно загрузить с внешнего ЗУ или из онлайновых систем. Некоторые программы бесплатны, но требуется заплатить за дополнительные (additional) функции или за полную версию. Другие программы необходимо деинсталлировать с диска после указанного срока (specified period), если не выплачено авторское вознаграждение (author's royalties).
Свободно распространяемое ПО включает программы, которые могут быть легально скопированы и переданы (to give) другим пользователям без отчислений автору (royalty-free). Существует два вида бесплатно распространяемого ПО: общедоступные программные средства, которые не защищены авторскими правами (copyright); и ПО со знаком авторского права, на копирование которого имеется разрешение (permission) автора.
Ex. 24. Match the English term and its translation.
| 1. automatic recovery program 2. common program 3. copy-protected program 4. copyrighted program 5. data access program 6. database program 7. debugging program 8. educational/training program 9. internally stored program 10. license program 11. network program 12. running program 13. self-loading program 14. simulation program 15. support program 16. troubleshooting program 17. updated program 18. utility program 19. virus-detection program 20. watch-dog program | a) вспомогательная программа b) выполняемая (активная) программа c) лицензионная программа d) обновленная программа e) обслуживающая программа, утилита f) обучающая программа g) отладчик, программа отладки h) программа, работающая c базой данных i) программа автоматического восстановления j) программа для доступа к данным k) программа моделирования l) программа обнаружения вирусов m) программа поиска неисправностей n) программа, защищённая авторским правом o) программа, защищённая от копирования p) программа, хранимая во внутренней памяти q) самозагружающаяся программа r) сетевая программа, программа сетевого обмена s) сторожевая программа t) часто используемая (распространенная) программа |
Ex. 25. Read and translate the text.
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SOFTWARE
[1] As you have already known, all the electronic and mechanical units composing the computer system refer to the physical components of a data processing system called hardware.But the computer to complete a job requires more than just the equipment. It requires software – i.e. the set of computer programs that make possible the effective operation of the computer system. Software falls into two basic categories: system software and application software.
[2] System software controls the operation of the whole computer system rather than solve specific problems as application programs do.
The principal system software is known as the operating system (OS). The operating system has three major functions: it coordinates and manipulates computer hardware, such as computer memory, printers, disks, keyboard, mouse, and monitor; it organizes files on a variety of storage media, such as floppy disk, hard drive, compact disc, digital videodisc, and tape; and it manages hardware errors and the loss of data. Computers that use disk memory-storage systems are said to have disk operating systems (DOS). Popular operating systems for PCs are MS-DOS and Windows, developed by the Microsoft Corporation as well as Apple Computer's Mac OS. Workstations, servers, and some mainframe computers often use the UNIX OS originally designed by Bell Laboratories in the late 1960s. A version of UNIX called Linux gained popularity in the late 1990s for PCs.
The OS consists of a set of programs. When a computer is first turned on, one of the OS programs is booted into the computer's main memory. This software contains information about memory capacity, the model of the processor, the disk drives, etc. Once the system software is loaded, the applications software can be installed or run. Advanced operating systems support multiprocessing to enable several programs to run simultaneously.
Drivers are OS programs that manage data from different I/O devices such as CD-ROM players, disk drives, keyboards, mice, modems, monitors and printers. Users need to install a specific driver to activate a peripheral device. By installing the driver, you teach your motherboard to understand the newly attached part. As a rule, peripheral devices come complete with2 its own driver software.
The file system is a part of an OS providing the control of directories and files on the disks. It enables you to give names to files and group files into directories or folders. It keeps track of each file's location as well.
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Modern operating systems provide a graphical user interface. (See Figure 1) A GUI is a display format that allows the user to select commands, open files, start programs, and do other routine tasks by using a device called a mouse. This type of format has certain advantages over interfaces in which the user types text- or character-based commands on a keyboard. A GUI with its windows, pull-down menus, dialog boxes, and other controlling mechanisms has made computer operation not only easier to learn but more pleasant and natural. The GUI is now the standard computer interface.
Figure 1
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