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Повелительное предложение
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Когда прямая речь представляет собой повелительное предложение, то при обращении ее в косвенную речь производятся следующие изменения:
1. Если прямая речь выражает приказание, то глагол to say сказать в словах, вводящих прямую речь, заменяется глаголом to tell велеть, сказать или to order приказывать. Если же прямая речь выражает просьбу, то глагол to say заменяется глаголом to ask просить.
2. Повелительное наклонение заменяется в косвенной речи инфинитивом. Отрицательная форма повелительного наклонения заменяется инфинитивом с частицей not.
Indirect command and request
| Direct speech | Indirect speech |
| The mother said to the lazy son, “Wake up!” | The mother told the lazy son to wake up. |
| Father said to me: “Remember to post these letters”. | Father reminded me to post those letters. |
| I said to Nick, “Shut the door, please”. | I asked Nick to shut the door. |
| Mother said to the children: “Don’t ever enter this room”. | Mother warned the children not to enter the room. |
NOTE: to say smth (to smb)
to tell smb smth
Вопросительные предложения
Вопросительные предложения преобразуются следующим образом: oбщие вопросы вводятся союзами if, whether (частица «ли»), порядок слов вопросительного предложения заменяется порядком слов утвердительного предложения:
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
Indirect General Questions
| DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
| Ann's mother asked her, "Areyou tired?" | Ann's mother asked her if she was tired. |
| He asked his friend, "Doyou like the wine?" | He asked his friend if he liked the wine. |
| I asked Frank, "Didyou buya new car?" | I asked Frank if he had bought a new car. |
| Ann's father asked her, "Have you finished the work?" | Ann's father asked her whether she had finished the work. |
| I asked my sister, "Willyou go to Italy in summer?" | I asked my sister whethershe would go to Italy in summer. |
NOTE: to ask smb
to ask a question
Специальные вопросы вводятся тем же вопросительным словом, с которого начинается прямая речь, порядок слов заменяется порядком слов утвердительного предложения.
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Indirect Special Questions
| DIRECT SPEECH | INDIRECT SPEECH |
| Peter asked, "Who has taken my book?" | Peter asked who had takenhis book. |
| I asked the gardener, "What areyou plantinghere this year?" | I asked the gardener what he was plantingthere that year. |
| Nina's sister asked her, "Who did you meetat the theatre?" | Nina's sister asked her who shehad metat the theatre. |
| I asked my mother, "What did the teacher say?" | I asked may mother what the teacherhadsaid. |
| He asked Roger, "When willhe come back?" | He asked Roger when he would comeback. |
| Ted asked Ron, "Where doyour parents live?" | Ted asked Ron where his parents lived. |
| The professor asked his student, "Whyhehaven'tyou donethe home assignment?" | The professor asked his student why hehadn't donehis home assignment. |
Ex. 1 Change the following from direct into indirect speech.
1. She said to him, "Close the window" 2. She said to him, "Come at four o'clock." 3. He asked us, "Do you want to see a new film?" 4. She asked us, "Will you drink a cup of coffee?" 5. She said, "I'm terribly cold." 6. Each time he received the answer, "No, we haven't vacant rooms to-night." 7. At last he received a different reply, "We have a room empty but it has been reserved." 8. Then the man added, "It is half past twelve and they have not arrived, you may have the room”. 9. He said, "I met Peter when I was in the library: 10. He said to us, "Shall we change the plan a little bit?" 11. Father said, "I can stay at home and work in the garden." 12. Father said to Mother, "I got a new rod yesterday, you can use it if you want to." 13. Mother said, "I don't care for fishing.” 14. Mother said, " I'llarrange everything for the trip"15. The girls said, "We shall help you to wash the dishes". 16. The teacher said to the student,-"Come in.” 17. She said, "How long does it take you to get to the University?"
Ex. 2. Restore direct speech. Mind the rules of the sequence of tenses.
1. He said that while crossing the English Channel they had stayed on deck all the time. 2. The woman said she had felt sick while crossing the Channel.
3. She said she was feeling bad that day. 4. Tom said he would go to see the doctor the next day. 5. He told me he was ill. 6. He told me he had fallen ill. 7. They told me that Tom had not come to school the day before. 8. I told my sister that she might catch cold. 9. She told me she had caught cold. 10. The old man told the doctor that he had pain in his right side. 11. He said he had just been examined by a good doctor. 12. He said he would not come to school until Monday. 13. The man said he had spent a month at a health-resort. 14. He said that his health had greatly improved since then.
Ex. 3 Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.
1. He has just asked me, "Who will come to the cinema with me?" 2. He has asked me, "Will yon be at home to-night?" 3. He has Just asked me, "Is it time to go?" 4 He asked me, "Where are you going?" 5. She asked me, "Does he always come so late?" 6. He asked her, "How did yon do that?" 7. He asked roe, "Is it raining?" 8 She asked him, "Have the children returned from school?" 9. He asked me, "How old are you?" 10. She asked me, "Why didn't you come here yesterday?" 11, He asked me, "Do you know how far it is to the station?" 12. He asked me, "Where are you going?" 13. She asked me, "How long have you been studying English?" 14 He asked her, "Did anybody call this morning?" 15. I asked him, "Can you meet me tomorrow?" 16. She asked me, "May 1 open the window?" 17. He asked her, "Why can't you answer this question at once?" 18. She asked me, "Would you like to see the garden?" 19. I asked him, "What will you do if you miss the train?" 20. He asked the manager. "At what price were the two cargoes of wheat sold yesterday?" 21. He asked me, "Do you think that the weather will change?" 22. He asked the buyer, "When do you want the goods to be shipped?" 23. I asked him, "Is it possible to charter a steamer for loading at the end of the month?" 24. I asked him, "When will you open the letter of credit?" 25. I asked him, "Can you guarantee that machine will be delivered in September?"
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Ex. 4 Translate the stories from Russian into English, paying special attention to the italicized words.
Совет врача
Медсестра спросила меня, ожидаю ли я доктора Грея, и пригласила меня к нему в кабинет (surgery).
Доктор Грей улыбнулся мне и спросил, что меня беспокоит. Я сказал, что ужасно переутомлен (be run down). Он спросил меня, поздно ли я ложусь спать (stay up late), и я сказал, что нет. Он поинтересовался, почему я не соблюдаю нормальный режим (keep regular hours), и я объяснил, что почти каждый вечер я встречаюсь с друзьями. Доктор захотел узнать, как я провожу время, и я сказал, что в основном (mostly) я хожу на вечеринки. Доктор спросил меня, удается ли (have the chance) мне отдохнуть (to recover) в выходные дни, но я вынужден был признать (admit), что в выходные дни наши вечеринки длятся всю ночь.
Он спросил меня, курю ли я, и когда я сказал, что курю, доктор спросил меня, сколько сигарет в день я выкуриваю. Он был поражен, когда услышал мой ответ. Тогда врач спросил меня, занимаюсь (take) ли я гимнастикой для поддержания своего здоровья (to keep fit).
Я ответил, что для этого у меня нет времени.
"Вы поджигаете свечу (burn the candle) с обоих концов", сказал доктор Грей и добавил, "но я завидую вам, что вы так весело проводите время".
Подарок из Чикаго
Этой зимой в Чикаго было много снега. Железнодорожные рабочие не знали, что с ним делать. Начальник станции приказал очистить платформы. Он сказал не оставлять снег на платформах, так как это опасно для пассажиров. Он посоветовал сгребать (shovel) снег в большие кучи, но это была невыполнимая задача.
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Вдруг одному из рабочих пришла в голову замечательная идея. "Я знаю, как избавиться (get rid of) от снега", - сказал он. "Давайте погрузим этот снег на грузовые платформы (freight train). Мы можем послать снег в Миссисипи и Новый Орлеан. По дороге он растает (melt away)". На следующий день пять тонн снега прибыло в Мемфис, Теннесси. "Это замечательный подарок," - сказал рабочий. "Мы знаем, что делать с этим снегом здесь. Мы пошлем его на детские площадки (playgrounds). Некоторые дети никогда не видели снега".
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