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Составление пересказа по теме. (ОБРАЗЕЦ)
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ ПМР
ГОУ «ТИРАСПОЛЬСКИЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ КОЛЛЕДЖ ИМ. Л.А. ТАРАСЕВИЧА»
ЦИКЛ ГУМАНИТАРНЫХ ДИСЦИПЛИН
ПОСОБИЕ
ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
Для студентов 1 курса на базе 11 классов
Специальности «Фармация», «Сестринское дело», «Акушерское дело»
II СЕМЕСТР
Тирасполь, 2016
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
| 1. Части человеческого тела. Parts of the human body. | |
| 2. Внешние и Внутренние органы. External and Internal organs | |
| 3. Скелет человека. Skeletal System | |
| 4. Мускулатура человека. Muscular System | |
| 5. Нервная система. Nervous System | |
| 6. Сердечнососудистая система. Cardiovascular System | |
| 7. Дыхательная система. Respiratory System | |
| 8. Пищеварительная система. Digestive System | |
| 9. Мочевая система. Urinary System | |
| 10. Половая система. Reproductive System |
Итоговое занятие в форме зачета.
Презентация стен-газет «Системы органов человека».
УРОК №1. ЧАСТИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО ТЕЛА. PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY.
Текстовый глоссарий:
| the trunk - туловище the limbs (extremities) – конечности the skull – череп the brain – мозг the forehead – лоб the cheeks – щёки the chin – подбородок the external ear - наружное ухо the middle ear – среднее ухо the internal ear – внут-реннее ухо the mouth – рот gums – дёсна a tongue – язык a palate – нёбо the chest – грудь the abdomen – живот | bones - кости muscles - мышцы the upper arm – верхняя часть руки the forearm – предплечье the elbow – локоть the wrist – запястье the hand – кисть руки a thumb – большой палец руки hip (the thigh) – бедро the knee – колено the calf – голень the ankle – лодыжка the skin – кожа toe – палец ноги back - спина |
The principal parts of the human body are the head, the trunk, and the limbs (extremities). The upper extremities are arms, the lower extremities are legs.
The head consists of two parts: the skull which contains the brain, and the face which consists of the forehead, the eyes, the nose, the mouth with the lips, the cheeks, the ears, and the chin.
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The ear includes three principal parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the internal ear.
The mouth has two lips: an upper lip and a lower lip. In the mouth there are gums with teeth, a tongue and a palate.
The head is connected with the trunk by the neck. The upper part of the trunk is the chest and the lower part is the abdomen.
The framework of bones called the skeleton supports the soft parts and protects the organs from injury. The bones are covered with muscles.
The upper extremity is connected with the chest by the shoulder. Each arm consists of the upper arm, the forearm, the elbow, the wrist, and the hand. We have five fingers on each hand: a thumb, an index finger, a middle finger, a ring finger, and a little finger.
The lower extremity (the leg) consists of the hip (the thigh), the knee, the calf, the ankle, and the foot. The fingers of feet are called toes.
The body is covered with the skin.
Exercises.
1. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.
1. What are the principal parts of the human body?
2. What parts does the head consist of?
3. What parts does the ear include?
4. What are the upper part and the lower part of the trunk?
5. What do you know about the upper extremity?
6. What does the lower extremity consist of?
7. What is the body covered with?
Составление пересказа по теме. (ОБРАЗЕЦ)
| Основные части тела человека это голова, туловище и конечности. | The principal parts of the human body are the head, the trunk, and the limbs (extremities). |
| Голова состоит из черепа и лица. | The head consists of the skull and the face. |
| Череп содержит в себе мозг. | The skull contains the brain. |
| Лицо состоит из лба, глаз, носа, рта, щек, ушей и подбородка. | The face consists of the forehead, the eyes, the nose, the mouth, the cheeks, the ears, and the chin. |
| Голова соединяется с туловищем при помощи шеи. | The head is connected with the trunk by the neck. |
| Туловище состоит из грудной клетки и живота. | The trunk consists of the chest and the abdomen. |
| Конечности – это руки и ноги. | The extremities are arms and legs. |
| Руки состоят из верхней части руки, предплечья, локтя, запястья и кисти. | Each arm consists of the upper arm, the forearm, the elbow, the wrist, and the hand. |
| На каждой руке 4 пальца и 1 большой палец. | We have four fingers and a thumb on each hand. |
| Ноги состоят из бедра, колена, голени, лодыжки и стопы. | Each leg consists of the hip, the knee, the calf, the ankle, and the foot. |
| На каждой стопе по 5 пальцев. | We have 5 toes on each foot. |
| Тело покрыто кожей. | The body is covered with the skin. |
УРОК №2. ВНЕШНИЕ И ВНУТРЕННИЕ ОРГАНЫ. EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ORGANS
Vocabulary:
| Bone – кость blood, -кровь nerve – нерв muscle - мышца cell – клетка tissue – ткань chest – грудная клетка abdomen – живот skull –череп brain. – мозг Thyroid gland – щитовидная железа endocrine gland – эндокринная железа diaphragm – диафрагма chest cavity – грудина gullet /esophagus – пищевод heart –сердце lungs – легкие abdominal cavity – брюшная полость stomach – желудок live r – печень kidneys – почки gallbladder – желчный пузырь pancreas – поджелудочная железа spleen – селезенка small and large intestines – малый и большой кишечник bladder – мочевой пузырь internal sex organs. – внутренние половые органы concave portion – вогнутая часть gallbladder fossa - ямка желчного пузыря | digestive system – пищеварительная система digestion – переваривание пищи diabetes mellitus. – сахарный диабет immune system – иммунная система urinary system – мочевая система alimentary canal – пищеварительный канал urine – моча ovaries – яичники Fallopian tubes – маточные трубы Uterus – матка Vagina – вагина reproductive system – репродуктивная система fetus – плод gestational period – период беременности testes – яички epididymis – эпидидимис (придаток семенника) vas deferens - семявыводящий проток seminal vesicles – семенной пузырек prostate gland – предстательная железа Cowper's glands – куперова железа |
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Our body is made up of bones, blood, nerves, muscles and covered with the skin. The body consists of the cells that form the tissues. A number of tissues make an organ. There are external organs and internal organs.
The external organs are five sense organs. They are eyes, nose, mouth, ears and the skin.
The eyes help us see all around us. We can read, watch and look with eyes.
The nose helps usbreathe. We can alsodifferentiate the smells with our nose.
The mouth contains the lips, the teeth, the tongue and the gums. We can chew, speak, and smile using the organs of our mouth.
The ears help us hear the sounds. We can differentiate people’s voices, music tones and other sounds because of our ears.
The skin is our protector. The skin protects the body from injuries. The skin protects the muscles, nerves, and blood vessels from dangers. The skin conveys the sensations of pressure, temperature, and pain so that the body may adapt itself to changes in its environment.
All internal organs are situated in the skull, in the chest and abdomen. Each internal organ of the body plays a specific role in the organism.
In the skull there is only one organ. It is the brain. It is the most important organ of the human body, and it controls all the other parts. It is the center of the nervous system, and is the most complex of all internal organs. The brain controls our sense of vision, hearing, taste, smell, balance, and feeling.
The Thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland of the human body which is located in the neck. It helps to control the use of energy in the body.
The chest is separated from the abdomen by the diaphragm. The principal organs of the chest cavity are the gullet, the heart and the lungs.
The gullet connects the pharynx and the stomach. The esophagus is a long muscular tube that is 25 to 30 cm long.
There are two lungs - one in each half of the chest. They differ in size. The right lung is larger than the left one. These organs are responsible for respiration. Their function is to transport atmospheric oxygen into bloodstream, and release carbon dioxide from blood into the atmosphere.
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There is the heart between the lungs behind the breastbone. After the brain, the heart is the second most important internal organ in humans. It is a muscular organ whose main function is to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body through blood vessels. This action is carried out by repeated and rhythmic contractions. On an average, the human heart beats about 72 times per minute, and weighs 250 to 300 gm in females, and 300 to 350 gm in males.
The lower part of the trunk is the abdominal cavity. The principal organs here are the stomach, the live r, two kidneys, the gallbladder, the pancreas, the spleen, the small and large intestines, the bladder and internal sex organs.
There is the liver with the gallbladder in the right upper abdominal part.
The liver is the largest and heaviest organ in the body. It works over all the products of digestion. The liver destroys poisons and bacteria which get into the blood.
The Gallbladder is one of the smallest internal organs of the human body. It helps in the process of digestion. It is located in the concave portion of liver that is called the gallbladder fossa. The length of this portion is about 8 cm in adults.
There is the stomach, the pancreas and the spleen in the left upper part of the abdominal cavity. Behind them there are the right and left kidneys at the back.
The muscular, hollow bag in the alimentary canal is called the stomach. It is the primary organ of the digestive system that is involved in the second phase of food digestion. The location of this organ is between the esophagus and small intestine.
Pancreas belong to both the endocrine and digestive systems. These organs produce important hormones like insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. They also produce pancreatic juice that contains digestive enzymes. If the pancreas do not function normally, it may lead to diabetes mellitus.
The Spleen is very important in the immune system. Its function is to remove old red blood cells and also to recycle iron. The spleen in an adult human body is about 11 cm in length.
Kidneys serve as the most important part of the urinary system. Their function is regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid-base balance, regulation of blood pressure, production of urine, etc.
The small and large intestines occupy all the lower abdomen. Here is also the bladde r and sex organs.
Intestines are a segment of the alimentary canal, and they extend from the stomach to the anus. They are divided into: small intestine and the large intestine.
Appendix is a blind-ended tube that is connected to the cecum. The appendix is located near the junction of the small and large intestines.
In Bladder, the urine that is filtered from the kidneys is collected before being disposed off by urination. The bladder is a muscular organ that is elastic in nature. It is located on the pelvic floor.
Depending on sex, the internal sex organs can be female sex organs and male sex organs. The female internal sex organs consist of the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the vagina.
Ovaries are ovum-producing reproductive organs that are present in pairs in females. They are located in the lateral wall of the pelvis.
Uterus is the most important part of the female reproductive system. This organ is internally connected to the fallopian tubes on each side, and opens into the vagina at one end. In this organ the fetus develops during gestational period.
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The male internal sex organs consist of the the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and Cowper's glands.
Exercises:
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