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A Great Citizen of the World
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Every day many people visited Thomas A. Edison’s laboratories in Orange, New Jersey. Some of them were young inventors who went to study, but many more of them were tourists. They came from all parts of the US and from other countries as well.
One day a very important citizen from England visited Edison’s factories, taking with him his young son, eight years old. They spent hours in great workshops, looking at hundreds of useful inventions.
Before leaving the laboratories the man went to the office of the building. Giving his card to the person in charge, he asked: “May I speak to Mr. Edison, please?” The man looked at the card and then answered:
“Wait a minute, I’ll see”. Soon he returned and said: “Come this way, please. Mr. Edison will see you.”
The father and his son went into the great inventor’s workroom. “Mr. Edison”, said the Englishman, “I brought my young son here to what the world’s greatest citizen has done. I want this day to help him his life. Will you please shake hands with him and say something - will remember?”
Mr. Edison took the boy’s hand. He laid his other hand on their shoulder and looked into his eyes. “My boy”, he said, “don’t watch the clock.”
In 1928 Mr. Edison was eighty-one years old, but he still worked sixteen hours a day.
II.Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:
| 1) a military camp | 6) great workshops |
| 2) two chambers | 7) international trade |
| 3) less important | 8)shake hands with him |
| 4) extensive and valuable museums | 9) as a result |
| 5) a constantly growing empire | 10) sixteen hours a day |
III.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
| 1)соответствует приблизительно | 6)потребление электричества |
| 2) успешное развитие электричества | 7)полезные изобретения |
| 3)экономическое развитие | 8)стала универсальной |
| 4)широкое использование | 9)памятники прошлого величия |
| 5)молодые изобретатели | 10)появление электрического мотора |
IV.Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык:
electro, long, question, consumer, light, form, great, work, develop, complete.
V.Задайте к выделенному в тексте предложению все типы вопросов: общий, альтернативный, разделительный, два специальных: а)к подлежащему, б)к любому члену предложения.
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VI.Выполните анализ данных предложений, обратив внимание на следующие грамматические явления: модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты, времена групп Simple, Continuous и Perfect активного и пассивного залога; согласование времен; неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные:
1. Some 9 million people now live in London and its suburbs, and the city covers an area of 620 square miles, making it one of the largest of the world’s capitals.
2. It was set up in the 13-th century.
3.The guide said that at one end of the Houses of Parliament there was a tower with a large clock.
4. The largest bell, known as Big Ben, chimes in the hour.
5. The father and his son had to go into the great inventor’s workroom.
VII.Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1. Where did the Romans found a military camp?
2. What century did London finally become the capital of England?
3. Why is it impossible to imagine our civilization without electricity?
4. What applications have made electricity most widely used?
5. Who visited Thomas A. Edison’s laboratories in Orange, New Jersey?
6.Why did the man go to the office of the building?
7. How many hours a day did Edison work when he was eighty-one years old?
VIII.Составьте аннотацию на текст (2-3 предложения).
IX.Составьте реферат на текст (10-15 предложений).
X. Составьте план текста и перескажите текст.
ВАРИАНТ № 13
I.Прочитайте и переведите тексты:
GREAT SCHOLAR OF THE RENAISSANCE
Galileo Galilei lived at a time of Renaissance, an outstanding period in mankind's history, which at the end of the 16-th and the beginning of the 17-th century extended to the sphere of the natural sciences. The Renaissance gave the world many courageous fighters for knowledge and new outlook on the world.
Galilei was not only a scientist, professor of physics and mathematics at Pisa University and Padua University, but also a critic of official views in science.
He discovered the basic laws of complex forms of motion. Galilei is famous not only for his establishment of fundamental conceptions of kinematics and dynamics such as speed and acceleration but also for the establishment of general principles of classical mechanics.
Real world fame came to Galileo only in 1610 when he constructed the first telescope in the world. With this instrument he discovered satellites of Jupiter, the phases of Venus and the spots in the Sun. He measured the height of the mountains on the Moon with great accuracy and proved that the Milky Way was not milk split by the Madonna but a gigantic conglomeration of stars.
Galileo followed the great Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno, who died at the hands of the Inquisition, and defended the idea of an infinite Universe with multitude of inhabited worlds.
In 1633, as a sick, 70-year-old man Galilei was interrogated by the Inquisition, found guilty and was sentenced to spend the rest of his life under the surveillance of the Inquisition.
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We know Galilei as the founder of the map of the world, a map that is constantly growing and becoming more accurate. We see him as a philosopher who struggled against the dogma of religion, as a real revolutionary in science.
THOMAS ELVA EDISON
Edison was a thoughtful little boy. He was very inquisitive and always wanted to know how to do things. He was not very strong, and went to school when he was quite a big child. But his teacher thought him very stupid because he asked so many questions. So his mother, who was a teacher, took him away from school at the end of two months and taught him at home. With so kind a teacher, he made progress; and above all, he learned to think. His mother had some good books and among them an encyclopedia. It was probably from the encyclopedia that he first took an interest in chemistry. He liked to make experiments, so he bought some books, and made a little laboratory in the cellar of his home.
When he was twelve years old, he started to earn his living and became a newsboy on the train which ran from Port Huron to Detroit. There was a corner in the baggage car where he kept his stocks of news-papers, magazines and candy. To this corner he moved his little laboratory and library of chemical books, and when he was not busy, went on with his experiments. All went well for two or three years. But when he was in his sixteenth year, one day a phosphorus bottle broke on the floor. It set fire to the baggage car, and the conductor not only put the boy off the train, but soundly boxed his ear. That was the most unfortunate part of the accident, for as a result Edison gradually lost his hearing, and became almost deaf.
Once he was standing on the platform of the station in Michigan, watching a coming train, when he saw the station agent's little boy on the track right in front of the coming engine. Another moment and the child would have been crushed; but Edison sprang to the track, seized the little one in his arms, and rolled with him to one side, just in time to escape the wheels. To show his gratitude the baby's father offered to teach telegraphy to Edison. Working at telegraphy he at the same time spent all the spare moments in the study of chemistry and electricity. Experimenting he improved telegraph apparatus. About the same time Edison made an improvement in the transmitter of the telephone which made it easier for the waves to travel, and improved the usefulness of the telephone very much. It was just about the same time that he invented the phonograph. This is the parent idea of the gramophone, dictaphone and other instruments, but these inventions are only a small part of the work of this wonderful man.
II.Переведите на русский язык следующие английские словосочетания:
| 1) an outstanding period | 6) found guilty |
| 2) gigantic conglomeration of stars | 7) fundamental conceptions |
| 3) sphere of the natural sciences | 8) a thoughtful little boy |
| 4) an infinite Universe | 9) world fame |
| 5) courageous fighters | 10) to learn to think |
III.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
| 1)в истории человечества | 6)зарабатывать на жизнь |
| 2)провести остаток жизни | 7)пятна на солнце |
| 3)сложные формы движения | 8)продолжал свои эксперименты |
| 4)проводить эксперименты | 9)обитаемые миры |
| 5)скорость и ускорение | 10)сильно ударил по уху |
IV.Найдите в тексте слова, имеющие общий корень с данными словами. Определите, к какой части речи они относятся, и переведите их на русский язык:
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stand, kind, begin, know, out, found, establish, improve, wonder, invent.
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