 |
13. Choose the alternative. 14. Read the text. Compare it with the text in task 11. What similar and different information about the main parts of the automobile do they contain?
|
|
|
|
13. Choose the alternative
1. Mechanism which is used to stop the car.
a) clutch b) brakes c) gearbox d) steering system
2. Mechanism which is used to guide the car.
a) clutch b) brakes c) gearbox d) steering system
3. Mechanism which engages (включать, соединять) or disengages the engine and the car wheels.
a) clutch b) brakes c) gearbox d) steering system
4. Mechanism which is used to change the speed of the car.
a) clutch b) brakes c) gearbox d) accelerator
5. Mechanism which is used to guide the car in one or the other directions.
a) clutch b) brakes c) gearbox d) steering system
6. Device which is designed (предназначен) to measure (измерять) the speed of the car.
a) engine b) windscreen c) speedometer d) wing
7. Mechanism used to transmit power to the back axle.
a) gear box b) cardan shaft c) engine
9. Mechanism used to carry the greater portion of the car weight.
a) frame b) body c) rear axle
10. Mechanism used to turn the wheels at different speed.
a) differential b) steering system, c) engine
14. Read the text. Compare it with the text in task 11. What similar and different information about the main parts of the automobile do they contain?
The Chassis and the Body
We divide the car into two capital parts: the chassis and the body. The chassis is the lower part of the car. It consists of a frame with axles, wheels and springs, and an engine which transmits the motion through the transmission to the wheels.
The engine consists of a cylinder block, crankcase, crankshaft and many other parts. The crankshaft sets in motion the flywheel.
Transmission consists of the clutch, the gear box, drive shafts and propeller shafts. The body is the upper part of the car. It is designed according to the capacity of the frame.
Grammar: revision Present and Past Simple Active and Present and Past Simple Passive
15. Read the texts A, B choosing the verb form
A
An automobile is any self-powered vehicle that (is steered/steer) by the driver and designed for use on a road. The primary components of an automobile are the power plant, the power transmission, the running gear, and the control system. These (form/are formed) the chassis, on which the body (mount/is mounted).
The power plant (is included/includes) the engine and its fuel, ignition, electrical, lubrication, and cooling systems.
B
Early automobiles (were made up/made up) of a body, a power plant, and a running gear. The running gear (made up/was made up) of the wheels, axles, springs, drive shaft, and transmission. The transmission (mounted/was mounted) midway between the engine and rear axle. It (connected/was connected) to the engine and the rear axle by drive shafts. The term " running gear" (is not used/used) any more. A new term, " chassis, " (is used/used) now to identify the old running gear plus the power plant. In modern vehicles, the transmission (is mounted/mounted) on the engine and is part of the power plant.
|
|
|
16. Reread the text in task 11, find the predicates and say if they are in Active or Passive voice
17. Ask questions to the sentences
1. The steering system controls the front wheels.
2. The differential is connected to the rear end of the driveshaft.
3. The brake system slows down or stops the car.
4. Oil is stored in an oil tank at the bottom of the engine
5. Most bodies are made of steel, although some parts are made of strong plastic or fiberglass.
6. The power train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels.
7. Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic.
8. The first self-propelled vehicle was constructed by the French military engineer Cugnot in 1763.
9. Every automobile has the following components: engine, power train, chassis, body.
10. Everу engine includes the electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems.
18. Read the texts. Put the infinitive in brackets in Active or Passive voices
A
The primary components of a car (to be) the power plant, the power transmission, the running gear, and the control system. These (to make up) the chassis, on which the body (to mount). The power plant (to include) the engine and its fuel, the carburettor, ignition, lubrication, and cooling systems, and the starter motor.
B
The history of transport (to divide) into two stages. The first stage (to be) that in which all forms of transport (to depend) directly on the power of men or animals or natural forces such as winds. The second stage (to begin) with the development of the steam engine, which (to follow) by the electric motor and the internal combustion engine as the main sources of power for transport.
19. Translate the text in writing
The brake system slows down the speed of the vehicle or stops it at the driver’s will. The entire brake system is located in the chassis. The brakes are mounted inside the wheels. The brake designs are either drum type or disc type. Four-wheel disc brakes are more common in use.
20. Translate the sentences
1. Автомобиль состоит из трех основных частей: двигателя, шасси и кузова.
2. Двигатель — это источник энергии.
3. Двигатель включает в себя топливную, охлаждающую, смазывающую и электрическую системы.
4. Шасси включает в себя силовую передачу, ходовую часть, рулевую и тормозную системы.
5. Силовая передача (трансмиссия) состоит из сцепления, коробки передач, карданного вала, главной передачи, дифференциала, заднего моста и полуосей.
|
|
|
6. Ходовая часть включает в себя раму с осями, колеса и рессоры.
7. Кузов включает в себя капот, крылья и вспомогательные аксессуары: обогреватель, стеклоочистители, кондиционер.
|
|
|
