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8. Read the text and arrange the paragraphs according to the plan
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8. Read the text and arrange the paragraphs according to the plan
A. Three main components of the automobile
B. Engines
C. Composition of the chassis
D. Purpose and composition of the drive train
E. Function of the clutch
F. Mechanism used to slow or stop the automobile
Components of the Automobile
| 1. The power plant or engine is the source of power that makes the wheels rotate and the car move. It includes electric, fuel, cooling and lubricating systems. Most automobile engines have six or eight cylinders. |
| 2. The power/drive train carries the power from the engine to the car wheels and contains the clutch, gearbox, propeller or cardan shaft, differential and the final drive. |
| 3. Brakes are important mechanisms of the car. They are used to slow or to stop the car. Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. They are operated by the brake pedal. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, they are applied and the car stops. |
| 4. The clutch is a friction device engaging (or disengaging) the engine crankshaft to the gears in the gearbox. It is controlled by the clutch pedal. |
| 5. The chassis consists of a power train, frame with axles, wheels and springs. The chassis includes brakes and steering system. |
| 6. Basically, the automobile consists of three parts: the power plants, or the engine, the chassis and body. To these may be added the accessories: the heater, lighter, radio, speedometer and other devices. |
9. Read the text and get ready to answer the questions beneath it
Chassis
The chassis is an assembly of a vehicle without body. The main units of the chassis are: the power transmission, the running gear and the steering mechanism.
The power transmission includes the whole mechanism between the engine and the rear wheels. This whole mechanism consists of the clutch, gearbox, propeller (cardan) shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.
At the front end of the car is the engine. On the back of it is the flywheel.
Behind the flywheel is the clutch. The principal operation of the clutch is a frictional force acting between two discs. When two friction surfaces are brought into contact and pressed, then they are united due to friction force between them. The clutch is controlled by the clutch pedal. When the pedal is at rest (в неподвижном состоянии) the clutch is engaged and the running engine is connected to the gearbox. When the pedal is pressed down the clutch is disengaged and the engine runs idly (вхолостую).
In automobile, a gearbox is used to change the speed and torque of the vehicle.
Through drive shaft power is transmitted from the engine to the rear-axle.
It is located between the gearbox and the rear-axle.
Differential is the device that permits the rear wheels to revolve at different speeds independently one of the other. The differential enables the driving wheels to turn at different speeds which is necessary when turning the car.
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Power is transferred from differential to final work point through the final drive. On wheeled machines, final drive provides final reduction in speed and increases torque to the drive wheels. Final drives are mounted near drive wheels of most wheeled machines.
The rear axle is an important part of the transmission. It carries the greater portion of the weight of the car.
The steering mechanism is designed for changing the direction of the car.
Brakes are important mechanisms of the car. They are used to slow or stop the car. Most braking systems in use today are hydraulic. They are operated by the brake pedal. When the driver pushes down on the brake pedal, the automobile transmits the force from his foot to its brakes through a fluid.
1. What main units does the chassis consist of?
2. What is the source of power?
3. Where is the engine located?
4. Where is the flywheel fixed?
5. Where is the clutch placed?
6. What is the clutch used for?
7. What is the gearbox designed for?
8. What unit of the car carries the power to the wheels?
9. By what shaft is the power transmitted to the back axle?
10. What mechanisms does the transmission consist of?
11. What does the rear axle do?
12. What is the function of the differential?
13. What purpose is the steering system designed for?
14. What is the function of the brakes?
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