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1. Fill in: say or tell in the correct form.
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1. Fill in: say or tell in the correct form.
1. The police officer … that the man was lying. 2. Jim … me about the party last night.. 3. Philip … it would probably rain tomorrow. 4. Susan …, " Let's go out for dinner tonight. " 5. Our teacher … he was pleased with our work. 6. Jane and Kate are twins. I really can't... one from the other. 7. She … me, “He is so enthusiastic today. ” 8. I asked him … the truth and be honest about the case. 9. I never… so! He is lying! 10. Could you … me the time?
2. Fill in: say or tell in the correct form.
1. Julie … that she would join us after work. 2. She … me that she was going running this evening. 3. John … us that he couldn’t come to the party. 4. John … that he had been to the cinema at the weekend. 5. She … them she wanted to quit.
6. David … he was going to arrive at eight. 7. They … that they didn’t want to meet us on Tuesday. 8. I … him I wasn’t impressed. 9. Lucy … Julie that she was leaving on Wednesday. 10. We … that we were going on holiday the following week.
| We can report: A. statements B. questions C. commands, requests, suggestions Reported Statements • To report statements we use a reporting verb (say, tell, advise, explain, promise, etc., see the list below) followed by a that-clause. In spoken English that may be omitted. • Pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the meaning. Direct speech: He said, " I can't fix it myself. " Reported speech: He said he couldn 't fix it himself. • Certain words change as follows: this ® that, these ® those, here ® there, come ® go, can ® could, will ® would, may ® might, must ® had to " This is my book, " he said. He said that was his book. |
REPORTING VERBS
1. advise
(= Give someone advice. Notice the different spelling for the verb and the noun. )
Advise + someone + to + infinitive
She advised him to see a doctor.
Advise + (that) + clause
The staff advise that you carry water at all times.
Advise + against + verb-ing
I'd advise against leaving early.
2. agree
Agree + to + infinitive
We agreed to meet the following day.
Agree + (that) + clause
I agreed that the children could do their homework later.
3. apologise
Apologise + (to + someone) + for + verb-ing
They apologised to us for being late.
She apologised for forgetting the book.
Apologise (+ to + someone) + for + noun
She apologised for the delay.
4. decide
Decide + to + infinitive
They decided to go to the cinema.
Decide + (that) + clause
They decided that they would go to the cinema.
5. encourage
Encourage + someone + to + infinitive
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She encouraged him to take the exam again.
The teacher encouraged the students to ask questions.
6. explain
Explain + (that) + clause
The teacher explained that the course was finished.
Explain + noun + to + someone
She explained the grammar to the students.
NOT: She explained me the grammar.
Explain + question word + to + infinitive
They explained how to buy a train ticket on the internet.
John explained where to find the restaurant.
Explain + question word + clause
We explained what the exams would cover.
7. insist
Insist + on + verb-ing
He insisted on paying.
Insist + (that) + clause
He insisted that we sit down.
8. promise
Promise + to + infinitive
He promised to arrive early.
Promise + (someone) + (that) + clause
I promised him that I wouldn't do it again.
9. recommend
Recommend + verb-ing
I recommend visiting the British Museum while you're in London.
Recommend + (that) + clause
I recommend that you visit the British Museum
10. remind
Remind + someone + to + infinitive
She reminded him to take his keys.
Remind + someone + (that) + clause
They reminded me that there is a party tonight.
11. suggest
Suggest + verb-ing
I suggest leaving soon
Suggest + (that) + clause
I suggest that you come as soon as you can.
NOT: I suggest him to come.
12. warn
Warn + someone + (not) + to + infinitive
I warned them not to go in the water.
Warn + someone + about + something
She warned us about the dangerous roads.
NEGATIVES
To make the verbs that we have reported negative, we need to look at the verb pattern:
· When there's a clause, we make the negative in the usual way: She said that she didn't like ice cream.
· When there's 'to + infinitive', we generally put 'not' before 'to': He promised not to do it again.
· When there's 'verb-ing', we generally put 'not' in front of it: I advise not taking the bus.
VERB TENSES CHANGE
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
| Present Simple " I want to go to bed early, " she said. | Past Simple She said she wanted to go to bed early. |
| Present Continuous " She's speaking to Joe, " he said. | Past Continuous He said she was speaking to Joe. |
| Present Perfect " I've bought you some flowers, " she said. | Past Perfect She said she had bought me some flowers. |
| Past Simple " He lost all the money, " she said. | Past Perfect She said he had lost all the money. |
| Future " I'll see you later, " he said. | Conditional He said he would see me later. |
TIME EXPRESSIONS
| Direct speech | Reported speech |
| tonight, today, this week / month / year | that night, that day, that week / month /year |
| now now that | then, at that time, at once, immediately since |
| yesterday, last night / week / month / year | the day before, the previous night / week / month / year |
| tomorrow, next week / month / year | the day after, the next / following day, the next / following week / month / year |
| two days / months / years, etc., ago | two days / months / years, etc., before |
| last | previous |
· There are no changes in verb tenses when the reporting verb is in the Present, Future or Present Perfect tense or when the sentence expresses something which is always true.
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The Earth is round, " said the teacher. The teacher said (that) the Earth is round.
· We do not change: Past Continuous, Past Perfect, would, could, might, should, ought to.
" I was travelling to Brighton while she was flying to the USA, " he said. ® He said he was travelling to Brighton while she was flying to the USA.
" He might visit us, " Mum said. ® Mum said (that) he might visit us.
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