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БЛАГОДАРНОСТИ 2 страница
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Марк Уилис, неопубликованный материал.
McNeill. P. 179, 182.
Horrox. P. 20.
Ibid. P. 9‑ 13.
Ibid. P. 209‑ 210.
Ibid. P. 13‑ 18.
Frederic С Lane. Venice: A Maritime Republic (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1973) P. 19; B. Z. Kedar. Merchants in Crisis (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976) P. 5.
Dols. P. 58‑ 59.
Horrox. P. 18.
Ibid. P. 25. Сведения о численности населения см.: Daron Ace‑ moglu et al. «Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions and the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution». Quarterly Journal of Economics, 117 (November 2002). P. 1231‑ 1294.
Dols. P. 60.
Ibid. P. 65.
Ibid. P. 57.
David Neustadt (Ayalon), «The Plague and its Effects upon the Mamluk Army». Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1946). P. 67‑ 73.
Dols. P. 188.
Abu‑ Lughod. P. 236‑ 239; Dols. P. 197, 265.
McNeill. Р. 130.
Ibn Khaldun, trans. Franz Rosenthal. The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History (New York: Pantheon, 1958) P. 64.
Robert В. Serjeant. The Portuguese off the South Arabian Coast: Hadrami Chronicles (Oxford: Clarendon, 1963) P. 43.
Ehrenkreutz. P. 338‑ 339.
Charles E. Nowell. «The Historical Prester John». Speculum, 28: 3 (July 1953). P. 434‑ 445.
Robert Silverberg. In the Realm of Prester John (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1972). P. 3‑ 7, quote, 45.
Ibid. P. 43.
Ibid. P. 2.
Pearson. P. 83.
Dana B. Durand. Review of Precursori di Colombo? Il tentativo di viaggio transoceanio dei genovesi fratelli Vivaldi nel 1291 by Alberto Magnaghi, Geographical Review, 26: 3 (July 1936). P. 525‑ 526.
Felipe Fernandez‑ Armesto. Columbus (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 191). P. 9.
J. H. Plumb, Introduction, in С R. Boxer, The Portuguese Sea borne Empire, P. xxxvi.
Silverberg. P. 194‑ 195.
Boxer. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire. P. 28‑ 29.
Howe. P. 105.
Samuel Eliot Morison. Admiral of the Ocean Sea (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970). P. 24‑ 26, 41.
Ibid. P. 33‑ 34, 64.
Сравнительный анализ историографии побудительных мотивов Колумба см. Cecil Jane. Select Documents Illustrating the Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus (London: Hakluyt Society, 1930). P. xiii‑ cl.
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C. Varela, ed. Crisobal Colon: Textos у documentos completos (Madrid: 1984) P. 256, quoted in Fernandes‑ Armesto, 134.
Quoted in Fernandez‑ Armesto. P. 97.
Ibid. P. 54‑ 108.
Zweig. P. 26.
Acemogluetal. P. 1231‑ 1294.
A. R. Disney. Twilight of the Pepper Empire (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978) P. 21.
Boxer. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire. P. 20‑ 22.
Morison. P. 368‑ 374.
M. N. Pearson. «India and the Indian Ocean in the Sixteenth Century» in India and the Indian Ocean. P. 78.
Рутейру. Введение.
Там же. Река Добрых Знаков.
Там же. Мозамбик.
Там же.
Там же. Момбаса.
Там же. Малинди.
Sanjay Subrahmanyam, The Career and Legend of Vasco da Gama (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977). P. 121‑ 128.
Рутейру. Каликут.
Там же.
Там же.
Там же.
Там же. Царь посылает за Диогу Диашем.
Там же. Через Аравийское море.
Earl J. Hamilton. «American Treasure and the Rise of Capitalism». Economica 27 (November 1929). P. 348.
Boxer, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 206.
William Brooks Greenlee, trans. The Voyage of Pedro Shares Cabral to Brazil and India (London: Hakluyt Society, 1938). P. xxiii‑ xxviii, 83‑ 85.
Quoted in Subrahmanyam. P. 205.
Ibid. P. 214.
Ibid. P. 215.
Boxer. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire. P. xxiii.
Ibid. P. 227.
Genevieve Bouchon and Denys Lombard. «The Indian Ocean in the Fifteenth Century» in India and the Indian Ocean, ed. A. D. Gupta and M. N. Pearson (Calcutta: Oxford University Press, 1987). P. 55‑ 56.
Quoted in Silverberg. P. 216.
Pearson. «India and the Indian Ocean in the Sixteenth Century». P. 67‑ 68.
Ibid. P. 87.
Quoted in Zweig. P. 52.
Zweig. P. 33‑ 69.
Ibid. P. 192‑ 240.
Pearson. «India and the Indian Ocean in the Sixteenth Century». P. 90.
Quoted in Frederic С. Lane. «The Mediterranean Spice Trade: Fur ther Evidence of Its Revival in the Sixteenth Century». American Historical Review, 45: 3 (April 1940). P. 589.
Ibid. P. 587.
Frederic С Lane. «Venetian Shipping during the Commercial Revolution». P. 228‑ 234.
Om Prakash. «European Commercial Enterprise in Precolonial Europe» in The New Cambridge History of India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 11: 5, 45.
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Ibid. P. 581, 287‑ 588. Противоположную точку зрения см.: С. Н. Н. Wake. «The Changing Pattern of Europe's Pepper and Spice Imports, ca. 1400‑ 1700». Journal of European Economic History. (Fall 1979). P. 361‑ 403. Но даже Уэйк отмечает, что в XVI веке через Красное море и Венецию шел значительный поток пряностей.
М. N. Pearson. The New Cambridge History of India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 1: 1, 44.
Boxer. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire. P. 59.
Charles R. Boxer. «A Note on Portuguese Reactions to the Revival of the Red Sea Spice Trade and the Rise of Atjeh, 1540‑ 1600». Journal of Southeast Asian History 10 (1969). P. 420.
Ibid. P. 425.
Charles R. Boxer. The Great Ship from Amacon (Lisbon: Centro de Estudios Histyricos Ultramarinos, 1959). P. 1‑ 2.
Ibid. P. 22.
Ibid. P. 15‑ 16.
Ibid. P. 16‑ 18.
M. N. Pearson. The New Cambridge History of India, 1: 1. P. 37‑ 39.
M. A. P. Meilink‑ Roelofsz, Asian Trade and European Influence in the Indonesian Archipelago Between 1500 and About 1630 (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1962). P. 144.
Ibid. P. 43.
Prakash. P. 54.
John Villiers. «Las Yslas de Esperar en Dios: The Jesuit Mission in Moro 1546‑ 1571». Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 3 (1988, special issue). P. 597.
Paramita R. Abdurachman. «Niachile Pokaraga»: A Sad Story of a Moluccan Queen». Modern Asian Studies 22, no. 3 (1988, special issue). P. 589.
Andaya. P. 116‑ 141.
Disney. P. 20‑ 21.
Homer H. Dubs and Robert S. Smith. «Chinese in Mexico City in 1635». Far Eastern Quarterly 1, no. 4 (August 1942). P. 387.
Horace Stern. «The First Jewish Settlers in America: Their Strug gle for Religious Freedom», Jewish Quarterly Review 45, no. 4 (April 1955). P. 289, 292‑ 293, цит. 293.
Philippa Scott. «The Book of Silk» (London: Thames and Hudson, 1993) P. 22, 24, 33.
J. H. Parry. Review of «Friar Andras de Urdaneta, O. S. A»., Hispanic American Historical Review 47, no. 2 (May 1967). P. 262.
William Lytle Schurz. «Mexico, Peru, and the Manila Galleon», American Historical Review 1, no. 4 (November 1918). P. 390.
Ibid. P. 394‑ 395.
Dubs and Smith. P. 387.
Ibid. P. 398.
Ibid. P. 391.
Ibid. P. 387
Потребление сахара – http: //www. fao. org/documents/ show_cdr. asp? urlJile=/docrep/009/J7927e/j7927e07. htm. Население Евросоюза 457 миллионов – http: //www. cia. gov/cia/publi cations/factbook/rankorder/2119rank. html; население США 299 миллионов – http: //www. census. gov/population/www/popclo ckus. html. Средневековое европейское потребление – Henry Hobhouse. Seeds of Change (New York: Harper and Row, 1986). P. 44.
Norge W. Jerome, in James M. Weiffenbach, ed. Taste and Development: The Genesis of Sweet Preference, Washington D. C.: Natio nal Institutes of Health, 1974) P. 243.
Sidney W. Mintz Sweetness and Power, (New York: «Penguin», 1986)P. xxi, 6.
Paul Hentzner– http: //www. britania. com/history/docs/ hentzner. html
J. H. Galloway. The Mediterranean Sugar Industry, Geographical Review 67, no. 2 (April 1977) P. 182‑ 188.
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Mintz. P. 23.
Galloway. P. 180.
Alberto Vieria. «Sugar Islands» and «Introduction», in Stuart B. Schwartz, ed. Tropical Babylons (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004) P. 10, 62‑ 73.
Jonathan I. Israel. Dutch Primacy in World Trade, 1585‑ 1740 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1989) P. 161‑ 168.
Stern. P. 289. Для более детального изучения вопроса см. Arnold Wiznitzer «The Exodus from Brazil and Arrival in New Am sterdam of the Jewish Pilgrim Fathers, 1654», Publication of the Ame rican Jewish Historical Society 44, no. 1 (September 1954). P. 80‑ 95.
J. E. Heeres. «Het Aandeel der Nederlanders in de Ontdekking van Australie, 1606‑ 1765», Leiden: Boekhandel en Drukkerij Voorheen E. J. Brill, 1899. P. xii‑ xiv. Также см. Estensen. P. 126‑ 127.
Ibid. P. 156‑ 164. Более подробно о крушении «Батавии» см. Mike Dash. Batavias Graveyard (New York, Crown Publishers, 2002).
John J. McCusker. Money and Exchange in Europe and Ame rica 1600‑ 1775 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978). P. 7‑ 8.
Kristof Glamann. Dutch‑ Asiatic Trade 1620‑ 1740 ('s‑ Graven‑ hage, Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1981). P. 64‑ 65.
Jeremy N. Green. «The Wreck of the Dutch East Indiaman the Vergulde Draek, 1656», International Journal of Nautical Archaeo logy and Underwater Exploration 2, № 2 (1973). P. 272‑ 274, 278‑ 279. Более подробно см. Miriam Estensen. Discovery, the Quest of the Great South Land (New York: St. Martin's, 1998). P. 193‑ 194.
Donald Simpson. «The Treasure in the Vergulde Draek: A Sample of V. О. С Bullion Exports in the 17th Century», Great Circle 2, no. 1 (April 1980). P. 13.
Derek Wilson. The World Encompassed: Francis Drake and His Great Voyage (New York: Harper and Row, 1977). P. 60‑ 63.
Marguerite Eyer Wilbur. The East India Company (Stanford University Press. 1945). P. 5‑ 9.
Charles Boxer, The Dutch Seaborne Empire (New York: Penguin, 1988). P. 21.
Arthur Coke Burnell, ed. The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies (New York: Burt Franklin, 1885). I: xxvi.
Ibid. P. 112.
John Bastin. «The Changing Balance of the Southeast Asian Pepper Trade», in M. N. Pearson, Spices in the Indian Ocean World (Aldershot: Variorum, 1996). P. 285.
Ibid. 25.
Ibid.
Michael Greenberg. British Trade and the Opening of China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969). P. 2.
Wilbur. P. 18‑ 24.
Charles Boxer. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire. P. 110.
Sidney Homer and Richard Sylla. A History of Interest Rates (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1996). P. 137‑ 138.
Jan De Vries and Van Der Woude. The First Modern Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996). P. 137‑ 138.
Israel. P. 21‑ 22.
Ibid. P. 27.
Цит. по Т. S. Ashton. The Industrial Revolution, 1760‑ 1830 (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1967). P. 9.
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Wilbur, 21. См. также Jonathan В. Baskin and Paul J. Miranti. A History of Corporate Finance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997). P. 75.
Meilink‑ Roelofsz. P. 195‑ 196.
Vincent С Loth. «Armed Incidents and Unpaid Bills: Anglo‑ Dutch Rivalry in the Banda Islands in the Seventeenth Century». Modern Asi an Studies 29, no. 4 (October 1995). P. 707.
Meilink‑ Roelofsz. P. 193.
Boxer. The Dutch Seaborne Empire. P. 75.
Andaya. P. 152‑ 155.
Israel. P. 185.
Boxer. The Dutch Seaborne Empire. P. 107.
Ibid. P. 164.
Loth. 705‑ 740.
Niels Steensgaard. The Asian Trade Revolution of the Seven teenth Century (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1974). P. 345‑ 397.
Meilink‑ Roelofsz. P. 222‑ 225.
Boxer. The Dutch Seaborne Empire. P. 128.
Ibid. P. 265‑ 267. Цит. по: С R. Boxer. Jan Compagnie in Japan, 1600‑ 1850 (The Hague: Nijhoff, 1950). P. 90.
Israel. P. 172‑ 175.
Ibid. P. 177.
Ibid. P. 91‑ 92.
De Vries and Van Der Woude. P. 642‑ 646; цит. 643.
Hobhouse. P. 105.
Glamann. P. 47‑ 34.
Ibid. P. 108‑ 111.
Israel. P. 199‑ 202.
Ibid. P. 208‑ 224, 262‑ 269, 287.
Arthur Meier Schlesinger. «The Uprising Against the East India Company». Political Science Quarterly 32, no. 1 (March 1917). P. 60‑ 79.
Ibid. P. 67‑ 68.
Ibid. P. 69.
Ibid. P. 70.
Jean de La Roque. A voyage to Arabia foelix through the Eastern Ocean and the Streights of the Red Sea, being the first made by the French in the years 1708, 1709 and 1710 (London: Printed for James Hodges, 1742). P. 296‑ 297.
Ibid. P. 309.
Ralph S. Coffee and Coffeehouses (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1988). P. 22‑ 26.
Ibid. P. 335.
Ibid. P. 313.
Ibid. P. 321, Hattox. P. 36‑ 37.
La Roque. P. 336. См. также Bennett Alan Weinberg and Bonnie K. Bealer, The World of Caffeine (New York: Routledge, 2001). P. 14.
Цит. по Weinberg and Bealer. P. 13.
Ibid. P. 15.
Цит. по Fernand Braudel. Capitalism and Material Life MOO‑ WOO (New York: Harper and Row, 1967). P. 184.
Ibid. P. 46.
David Liss. The Coffee Trader (New York: Random House, 2003). P. 15.
Douglass С. North and Barry R. Weingast. «Constitutions and Commitment: The Evolution of Institutional Governing Public Choice in Seventeenth‑ Century England», Journal of Academic History 49 (December 1989). P. 803‑ 32.
Ibid. P. 200‑ 201.
Ibid. P. 207‑ 211.
Про голландского священника см.: Boxer. Jan Compagnie, p. 61. Цитата из: Braudel. P. 186.
Boxer. Jan Compagnie. P. 61‑ 62.
Jonathan F. Wendel and Richard C. Cronin. «Polyploidity and the Evolutionary History of Cotton», Advances in Agronomy 78 (2003). P. 139‑ 186.
Neil McKendrick, John Brewer, and J. H. Plumb. The Birth of a Consumer Society (London: Europa, 1982). P. 36‑ 37.
Hobhouse, 144.
Audrey W. Douglas. «Cotton Textiles in England: The East India Company's Attempt to Exploit Developments in Fashion 1660‑ 1727». Journal of British Studies 8, no. 2 (May 1969). P. 29.
Ibid. P. 30.
Defoe's Review (New York: Columbia University Press, 1938), no. 43 (January 6, 1712). P. 8.
Ibid. no. 11 (January 26, 1706). P. 3.
Douglas. P. 33.
Ramakrishna Mukherjee. The Rise and Fall of the East India Company (Berlin: VEB Deutsher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1958). P. 226.
Ibid. P. 282.
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Alfred С. Wood. A History of the Levant Company (London: Frank Cass, 1964). P. 1‑ 11, 102‑ 105.
Ibid. P. 103‑ 104.
Ibid. P. 104.
Ibid. P. 104‑ 105.
Цит. по: Douglas Irwin. Against the Tide (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996). P. 48.
Charles Davenant. Essay on the East‑ India‑ Trade (London: Printed for author, 1696). P. 22, 26, 32.
Henri Martyn. Considerations on the East India Trade (London: Printed for J. Roberts, 1701). P. 10, фоторепродукция в: J. R. McCul‑ louch. Early English Tracts on Commerce (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970). Есть сомнение в том, кому принадлежит авторство этого трактата. На титульном листе автор не указан, но большинство исследователей считают автором Мартина. См.: P. J. Thomas. Merchantilism and the East India Trade (London: Frank Cass, 1963). P. 171‑ 173.
Ibid. P. 37.
Ibid. P. 32‑ 33.
George L. Cherry. «The Development of the English Free‑ Trade Movement in Parliament, 1689‑ 1702», Journal of Modern History 25, no. 2 (June 1953). P. 103‑ 119.
Ibid. P. 110.
K. N. Chaudhuri. The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978). P. 294‑ 295.
Цит по Thomas. P. 136.
Beverly Lemire. Fashion's Favourite (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991). P. 32.
Ibid. P. 145‑ 146.
Ibid. P. 34‑ 42, 160.
Т. К. Derry and Trevor I. Williams. A Short History of Technology (New York: Dover, 1993). P. 105‑ 107, 558‑ 561.
E. J. Hobsbawm. «The Machine Breakers», Past and Present 1 (February 1952). P. 57‑ 70.
Lemire. P. 54.
McKendricketal. P. 34‑ 39.
Hobhouse. P. 148‑ 154.
С. R. Harler. The Culture and Marketing of Tea, 2nd ed. (London: Oxford University Press, 1958). P. 109, 225.
Chaudhuri. The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company. P. 386.
James Walvin. Fruits of Empire (New York: New York University Press, 197). P. 16‑ 19.
N. McKendrick. «Josiah Wedgwood: An Eighteen‑ Century Entrepreneur in Salesmanship and Marketing Techniques», Economic History Review 12, no. 3 (1960). P. 412‑ 426.
Jonas Hanway цит. по: Walvin. P. 22.
Philip Curtin. The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex. P. 83.
Richard S. Dunn. Sugar and Slaves (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1972). P. 7‑ 21, 61, 64‑ 65.
Richard Ligon. A True & Exact History of the Island Barbadoes (London: Peter Parker, 1673). P. 20‑ 21.
Цит. по David Eltis. The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000). P. 201.
Ibid. P. 127, 201‑ 202.
Ligon. P. 96.
Hugh Thomas. The slave Trade (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999). P. 201‑ 207.
Dunn. Р. 112‑ 116.
Ibid. P. 73.
Расчет из Eltis, 50, таблица 2‑ 2.
Philip Curtin. The Atlantic Slave Trade (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969). P. 69, 81.
Paul Bairoch. Economics and World History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993). P. 146.
Curtin. The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex. P. 39‑ 40.
David Brion Davis. Inhuman Bondage (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006). P. 90‑ 91.
Eltis. The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas. P. 176.
Цит. по: Davis. Inhuman Bondage. P. 92.
Профессор Кертин опубликовал свои первые научные расчеты в 1967 году в ключевой работе «Атлантическая работорговля» («The Atlantic Slave Trade»). Основные его заключения подтвердил и уточнил профессор Элтис. См. The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas, «The Volume and Structure of the Transatlantic Slave Tra de: A Reassessment». William and Mary Quarterly. 58, no. 1 (January 2001). P. 17‑ 46, и David Eltis and David Richardson. «Prises of African Slaves Newly Arrived in the Americas, 1673‑ 1865: New Evidence on Long‑ Run Trends and Regional Differentials», in David Eltis, ed. Slavery in the Development of the Americas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004). P. 181‑ 211.
Curtin, The Atlantic Slave Trade. P. 268. Более свежие и, на верное, более точные оценки трансатлантических перевозок рабов см. Eltis. «The Volume and Structure of the Transatlantic Slave Trade: A Reassessment». P. 17‑ 46.
Davis. Inhuman Bondage. P. 80.
Ibid. P. 11‑ 12, 40‑ 41.
Michael Tadman. «The Demodraphic Cost of Sugar: Debates on Slave Societies and Natural Increase in the Americas», American Historical Review, 105, no. 5 (December 2000). P. 1556.
Ibid. P. 1554‑ 1555, 1561.
Ibid. P. 1536.
Цит. по: Greenberg. P. 45.
Ibid. P. 78‑ 79.
Jehangir R. P. Mody. Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy (Bombay: R. M. D. C. Press. 1959). P. 2‑ Й, 21‑ 28.
Hsin‑ pao Chan. Comissioner Lin and the Opium War (New York, Norton, 1964). P. 121‑ 122.
Цитируется по J. R. Ward. «The Industrial Revolution and British Imperialism, 1750‑ 1850», Economic History Review 47, no 1 (Febru ary 1994). P. 47.
Смит А. Исследование о природе и причинах богатства народов. – М.: Эксмо, 2007. Гл. VIII.
Там же, гл. IX.
Anthony Webster. «The Political Economy of Trade Liberalization: The East India Company Charter Act of 1813», The Economic History Review 43, no. 3 (August 1990). P. 404‑ 419.
Jack Beeching. The Chinese Opium Wars (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975). P. 51.
W. Travis Hanes III. The Opium Wars (Naperville IL: Source books, 2002). P. 13‑ 19.
Hsin‑ pao. P. 9‑ 10.
Greenberg. P. 86.
Ibid. P. 5.
Hsin‑ pao. P. 4.
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