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Exercise.20. Translate. Таблица производных слов от some, any, no, every. Exercise 1. Complete the following sentences. Use some or any.
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Exercise. 20. Translate
YOU: Вот, пожалуйста, список нужных нам продуктов. Есть ли они сейчас в продаже?
S.: Well, let me see. I think I can supply everything. Here is the price-list.
YOU: Давайте проставим количество продуктов каждого наименования и подсчитаем, сколько это будет стоить.
S.: 353 dollars altogether.
YOU: Это меня устраивает. Когда вы привезете продукты?
S.: Tomorrow between 11 and 12 a. m. Be ready to take them.
Grammar exercises:
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Таблица производных слов от some, any, no, every | ||||
| Местоимения | +thing | +body +one | +where | Употребляются |
| Some некоторый какой-то какой-нибудь несколько any всякий любой | something что-то что-нибудь anything всё | somebody someone кто-то кто-нибудь anybody anyone всякий, всё | somewhere где-то куда-то где-нибудь куда-нибудь anywhere везде повсюду | в утвердительном предложении |
| not any = no никакой | not … anything = nothing ничто ничего | not … anybody = nobody no one none никто | not … anywhere = nowhere нигде никуда | в отрицательном предложении |
| any? какой-нибудь? | anything? что-то? что-нибудь? | anybody? кто-то? кто-нибудь? | anywhere? где-то? куда-то? где-нибудь? куда-нибудь? | в вопросительном предложении |
| every каждый всякий | every = thing всё | everybody everyone всe | everywhere везде повсюду | во всех трёх видах предложений |
Примечания: 1. В отрицательных предложениях в роли подлежащего употребляется только nobody, no one, и nothing.
| Nothing special happened yesterday. | Ничего особенного вчера не случилось |
2. После местоимений nobody, nothing, anybody (в утвердительном предложении), anything, no one, somebody, something, everything, everybody глагол ставится в 3-м лице единственного числа.
| Everything is ready. | Всё готово. |
| Anybody knows this. | Всякий знает это. |
3. Английское слово every как прилагательное в англо-русских словарях переводится русским словом каждый. Производные слова everybody, everyone также даются в значениях каждый, всякий (человек).
В целях соблюдения стилистических норм русской речи нередко сочетания слова every с существительным (every effort, every action) можно перевести русским словом все (все усилия).
В этом случае сказуемое английского предложения, выраженное личной формой глагола в единственном числе, передаётся русским глаголом в форме множественного числа:
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| Every action was aimed at… | Все действия направлялись на… |
| His work was useful for everybody. | Его работа была полезна для всех. |
| Everybody says that our work has been done much better than that of others. | Все говорят, что наша работа сделана гораздо лучше, чем у других. |
| Everybody is aware of the achievements of our heavy industry. | Все знают о достижениях нашей тяжёлой промышленности. |
| Someand anycan be used in questions: Someis usually used in positive sentences ( + ): Anyis usually used in negative sentences (-): | Is there any.. .? Can I have some.. .? There is some milk. There isn't anybread |
Exercise 1. Complete the following sentences. Use some or any.
1 The Cook doesn’t have _______________milk.
2 The Bosun wants ____________________cutlery.
3 There aren’t ________________________carrots.
4 I would like_________________________ soup, please.
5 There are __________knives and forks but there aren’t __________spoons.
6 We haven’t got _________beer but we have ______________juice.
7 Is there ______rice?
8 Can I have ________bread?
Exercise 2. Put in the correct word in each gap.
Nobody, everything, somebody (x2), somewhere, nothing, everywhere, something anyone, everyone
1. _____phoned you today, but he didn’t tell me his name.
2. I’m sure you’ll find it _______in the house if you keep looking.
3. I had to go to the cinema on my own because I couldn’t find ______ to go with me.
4. She said that ________ was fine and she was very happy.
5. Can I speak to you for a moment? I want to discuss _______ with you.
6. Unfortunately, I couldn’t help. There was __________ I could do about the problem.
7. I looked _________ but I couldn’t find it.
8. She married ________ she met when she was a student.
Exercise3. Put the right form of the derivatives (some-, any-, no- or every) into the conversation.
Dennis: Have you read (+) anything interesting lately?
Sarah: Yes, (1) … lent me a novel last week and I really enjoyed it.
Dennis: What was it about?
Sarah: It was about (2)… who goes to visit Australia. She likes to go (3)… alone. While she’s travelling around on her own, (4) … terrible happens to her. She loses (5) … - including her passport and all her money. She doesn’t know (6) … who can help her, and she’s got (7) … to stay.
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Exercise 4. Make up interrogative and negative sentences.
Model 1: I have got some problems to discuss.
Have you got any problems to discuss? I have not got any problems to discuss. = I have no problems to discuss.
1. I have some papers for you to sign. 2. There are some sailors on deck. 3. We have picked up some survivors from the ship in distress. 4. Some distress signals were picked up by the shore station. 5. Some ships are ready for departure. 6. He has got some books on the merchant fleet history.
Model 2: Jim can tell us something about the maritime education in the USA.
Can Jim tell us anything about the maritime education in the USA?
Jim cannot tell us anything (Jim can tell us nothing) about the maritime education in the USA.
1. There is something that can be done under the circumstances. 2. Somebody knows the answer to this problem. 3. I have met this seaman somewhere. 4. Someone will help you on the matter.
He has written something on a piece of paper. 6. The master spoke to somebody about it yesterday. 7. There was something strange happening on the ship.
Exercise 5. Fill the blanks with appropriate words ( no, not any, nothing, nobody, no one, none, anybody. )
1. There is... salt on the table, and... glasses. 2. ... smoking.
There is... I want in this shop. 4. Can... answer my question? 5. How many charts are there on the table? —... . 6. I want some milk but there is... left. 7. ... of our seamen failed in their examination. 8. How many fish did you catch? —... . 9. Who is on deck? —... . 10. What is there on deck? —.... 11. ... of us is perfect; we all make mistakes. 12. How many boxes are there on deck? —... . 13. How many crew members are ashore? —... . 14. How much petrol is there in the tank? —... . 15. He is... better; he is still very ill. 16. She is a wonderful singer. There is... like her.
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