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Список наиболее употребительных
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Предлогов и совпадающих с ними по форме
Союзов и наречий
about о, про, относительно
около, примерно, вокруг
above выше, над
above all прежде всего
across поперек, через, на другой стороне
after после; за; после того как (союз)
after all в конце концов
against против
along вдоль, по
among среди
around (round) вокруг
at при обозначении места: в, на, у;
при обозначении времени: в;
при обозначении занятия: за
at last наконец
at least по крайней мере
before при обеспечении места: перед;
при обозначении времени: до, перед; раньше (наречие);
прежде чем (союз), до того как, перед тем, как
behind позади,за
below ниже, внизу
beside рядом с
besides помимо, кроме
between между
by эквивалент русск. творит. падежа имени
существительного: посредством, путем; мимо; к (о времени)
by the way кстати, между прочим
by no means никоим образом
down вниз по; вниз (наречие)
for за, ради; для; в течение (указывает длительность);
ибо, так как (союз)
from из, с, у; от
in в; через (для обозначения времени)
in this way таким образом
into в (на вопрос «куда?»)
of эквивалент русск. родит. падежа имени
существительного: из, о, про
of course конечно
on=upon на; по; о;
для обозначения времени; с днями и числами: вперед, дальше
over через (над); свыше
since с, с момента; с тех пор как; поскольку; так как
through через (внутри, по)
throughout по всему, во всем
till=until до; (до тех пор) пока... не
to эквивалент русск. дат, падежа имени существительного;
к. в. на (движение в направлении к чему-то)
toward (towards) к; по направлению к
under под; при; по, согласно
until см. till
up вверх по; вверх (наречие)
up to вплоть до
upon см. on
with эквивалент русск. творит. падежа имени существитель-
ного; с, со
within в пределах; через (о времени)
without без
List of irregular verbs
| Infinitive | Past Simple | Past participle | Infinitive | Past Simple | Past participle |
| be | was/were | been | give | gave | given |
| beat | beat | beaten | go | went | gone |
| become | became | become | grow | grew | grown |
| begin | began | begun | hang | hung | hung |
| bend | bent | bent | have | had | had |
| bet | bet | bet | hear | heard | heard |
| bite | bit | biten | hide | hid | hidden |
| blow | blew | blown | hit | hit | hit |
| break | broke | broken | hold | held | held |
| bring | brought | brought | hurt | hurt | hurt |
| build | built | built | keep | kept | kept |
| burst | burst | burst | know | knew | known |
| buy | bought | bought | lay | laid | laid |
| catch | caught | caught | lead | led | led |
| choose | chose | chosen | leave | left | left |
| come | came | come | lend | lent | lent |
| cost | cost | cost | let | let | let |
| cut | cut | cut | lie | lay | lain |
| deal | dealt | dealt | light | lit | lit |
| dig | dug | dug | lose | lost | lost |
| do | did | done | make | made | made |
| draw | drew | drawn | mean | meant | meant |
| drink | drank | drunk | meet | met | met |
| drive | drove | driven | pay | paid | paid |
| eat | ate | eaten | put | put | put |
| fall | fell | fallen | read/ri:d/ | read/red/ read/red | |
| feed | fed | fed | ride | rode | ridden |
| feel | felt | felt | ring | rang | rung |
| fight | fought | fought | rise | rose | risen |
| find | found | found | run | ran | run |
| fly | flew | flown | say | said | said |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | see | saw | seen |
| forget | forgot | forgotten | seek | sought | sought |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | sell | sold | sold |
| freeze | froze | frozen | send | sent | sent |
| get | got | got | set | set | set |
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| Infinitive | Past Simple | Past participle | Infinitive | Past Simple | Past participle |
| sew | sewed | sewn/sewed | sting | stung | stung |
| shake | shook | shaken | stink | stank | stunk |
| shine | shone | shone | strike | struck | struck |
| shoot | shot | shot | swear | swore | sworn |
| show | showed | shown | sweep | swept | swept |
| shrink | shrank | shrunk | swim | swam | swum |
| shut | shut | shut | swing | swung | swung |
| sing | sang | sung | take | took | taken |
| sink | sank | sunk | teach | taught | taught |
| sit | sat | sat | tear | tore | torn |
| sleep | slept | slept | tell | told | told |
| speak | spoke | spoken | think | thought | thought |
| spend | spent | spent | throw | threw | thrown |
| split | split | split | understand understood understood | ||
| spread | spread | spread | wake | woke | woken |
| spring | sprang | sprung | wear | wore | worn |
| stand | stood | stood | win | won | won |
| steal | stole | stolen | wind | wound | wound |
| stick | stuck | stuck | write | wrote | written |
Key to the crosswords
Unit 13
Section A
Down: Across:
1. plate 7. beam 1. performance
2. defect 8. bead
3. create 9. strong
4. deform 10. crack
5. joint 11. weld
6. property
Unit 14
Section A
Down: Across:
1. transmit 6. turn 11. alternator
2. flow 7. primary
3. rectify 8. magnet
4. open 9. glow
5. direct 10. circuit
Unit 15
Section В
Down: Across:
1. fan 7. spark 12. accelerator
2. common 8. brake
3. charge 9. petrol
4. carburettor 10. horn
5. fuel 11. service
6. empty
Unit 16
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Section A
Across: Down:
1. viewer 6. coating 1. evolution
2. vibrate 7. application
3. whole 8. recorder
4. visibility 9. original
5. consumer
Unit 17
Section A
Across: Down:
1. distance 2. solid 6. oscillator
3. cavity 7. concave
4. pulsed 8. excite
5. particle 9. reflect
Unit 11
Section В
Down: Across:
1. chlorofluorocarbon 2. acid 8. difficult
14. carbon 3. heat 9. pollutant
4. slow 10. unite
5. robotics 11. modern
6. property 12. argon
7. object 13. oxide
Unit 18
Section A
Across: Down:
1. constellation 1. computer 8. flash
2. powerful 9. handheld
3. scanner 10. optics
4. observatory 11. eyepiece
5. limited 12. recorder
6. decode 13. distant
7. alien
CONTENTS
Unit Thirteen. Mechanical
Technology................................ 4
Section A. Welding................... 4
Lead-in..................................... 4
Language Practice.................. 5
Reading and Speaking................... 9
Further Reading............................. 11
Activity............................................ 13
Writing.................................... 15
Section B. Mechanisms............ 16
Lead-in..................................... 16
Language Practice.................. 18
Reading and Speaking........... 21
Further Reading...................... 23
Activity..................................... 25
Writing.................................... 26
Unit Fourteen. Electricity... 28
Section A. Electricity Basics.. 28
Lead-in..................................... 28
Language Practice........................ 29
Reading and Speaking................ 33
Further Reading............................ 35
Activity..................................... 37
Writing.................................... 38
Section B. Solar Energy........... 39
Lead-in..................................... 39
Language Practice.................. 41
Reading and Speaking........... 44
Further Reading...................... 46
Activity..................................... 48
Writing.................................... 49
Unit Fifteen. Engineering
Problems.......................................... 50
Section A. Energy Problems.. 50
Lead-in........................................... 50
Language Practice......................... 51
Reading and Speaking................. 55
Further Reading............................ 58
Activity........................................... 60
Writing.......................................... 60
Section B. Automotive
Problems........................................... 61
Lead-in............................................ 61
Language Practice........................ 63
Reading and Speaking................. 66
Further Reading............................ 68
Activity........................................... 70
Writing........................................... 72
Unit Sixteen. Advances in
Technology...................................... 73
Section A. Holograms..................... 73
Lead-in............................................ 73
Language Practice......................... 74
Reading and Speaking................. 77
Further Reading....................... 79
Activity..................................... 81
Writing.................................... 82
Section B. The Age of Robots.. 83
Lead-in...................................... 83
Language Practice.................. 85
Reading and Speaking........... 88
Further Reading....................... 90
Activity..................................... 93
Writing.................................... 93
Unit Seventeen. Dangers
of New Technologies..................... 95
Section A. Laser.............................. 95
Lead-in...................................... 95
Language Practice.................. 96
Reading and Speaking........... 99
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Further Reading....................... 102
Activity...................................... 105
Writing........................................ 105
Section B. Industrial Gases.. 106
Lead-in...................................... 106
Language Practice.................. 108
Reading and Speaking........... 111
Further Reading....................... 113
Activity...................................... 116
Writing........................................ 117
Unit Eighteen. Scientific
Exploration................................... 119
Section A. Optical devices... 119
Lead-in...................................... 119
Language Practice................... 120
Reading and Speaking........... 123
Further Reading....................... 126
Activity......................................... 128
Writing........................................ 129
Section B. Space Shuttles... 130
Lead-in......................................... 130
Language Practice...................... 131
Reading and Speaking............... 135
Further Reading.................. 138
Activity...................................... 141
Writing......................................... 141
Check Your Progress.............. 143
Supplementary Reading.... 152
Textl.......................................... 152
Text 2.......................................... 154
Text3..................................... 157
Text 4...................................... 159
Text 5...................................... 162
Text 6...................................... 164
Text 7...................................... 167
Text 8.................................... 170
Text 9...................................... 172
Text 10...................................... 175
Active Vocabulary................... 178
Unit 13 (178) Unit 14 (179) Unit 15 (181) Unit 16 (182) Unit 17 (184) Unit 18 (185)
Grammar................................. 187
Unit 13 (187) Unit 14 (188) Unit 15 (190) Unit 16 (191) Unit 17 (192) Unit 18 (194)
Word formation........................... 195
Список предлогов, союзов
и наречий.................................. 200
List of irregular verbs............ 202
Keys to the crosswords............ 204
Учебное издание
Хоменко Светлана Анатольевна
Скалабан Валентина Филипповна
Крупеникова Алеся Георгиевна
Ушакова Елена Владимировна
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