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Translate and act the dialogue out.
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-Доброе утро, доктор.
-Доброе утро.Давайте просмотрим расписание завтрашних операций.
-Хорошо. На 8 утра операция по удалению опухоли в правом легком. Пациент мистер Джонсон.
-Понятно.Как фамилия анестезиолога?
-Д-р Джонсон.
-Хорошо,спасибо.Что нибудь еще на утро?
-Да,удаление аппендицита(appendectomy /æpənˈdɛktəmi/) у миссис Браун на 11.00.
- Нам необходимо оставить в запасе время на случай возникновения осложнений при удалении опухоли.Томография показала,что опухоль значительных размеров. Нужно сдвинуть операцию на пару часов.
-Хорошо.Давайте посмотрим….Есть свободная операционная на 13.00.
- Отлично.Предупредите,пожалуйста, медперсонал об изменениях.
Learn the most basic surgical instruments and clothing (medical workwear) for the operating theatre including surgical masks, caps, trousers, gowns and antistatic clogs
Surgical scrubs (loose clothes worn by doctors and nurses in a hospital) antistatic clogs (antistatic rubber-soled shoes)
Follow the link and watch the video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nj3Wd0LtND8
Give a step-by-step description of what is happening in the operating theatre prior, during and after the surgery.
Follow the link, and watch the video
Your surgery journey – the operating room
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-YKfXXNSPeY
Can you name the main areas in the OR?
Follow the link, and watch the video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xLIFT9xoWSQ
Describe the scrub technique shown in the video (in brief).
Read and translate the text.
Make up a plan of the text in the form of questions. Retell the text in English.
Surgery
Surgery is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques to treat a pathological condition such as a disease or injury, to help improve bodily function. The act of performing surgery may be called a "surgical procedure", "operation", or simply "surgery". Surgery is a technology of a physical intervention on tissues. A procedure is considered surgical when it involves cutting of a patient's tissues or closure of a wound. A surgeon is a person who practices surgery. A surgical team is made up of a surgeon, a surgeon's assistant, an anesthesiologist, and a nurse.
The names of surgical operations often start with a name for the organ to be excised (cut out) and end in -ectomy. Procedures involving cutting into an organ or tissue end in -otomy. A surgical procedure cutting through the abdominal wall to gain access to the abdominal cavity is a laparotomy. Minimally invasive procedures involving small incisions through which an endoscope is inserted end in -oscopy. For example, such surgery in the abdominal cavity is called laparoscopy. Reconstruction, plastic or cosmetic surgery of a body part starts with a name for the body part to be reconstructed and ends in -oplasty. Rhino is used as a prefix for "nose", therefore a rhinoplasty is reconstructive or cosmetic surgery for the nose.
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At a hospital, modern surgery is performed in an operating room (operating theater) using surgical instruments, an operating table for the patient, and other equipment. The principles of aseptic technique, i.e the strict separation of "sterile" (free of microorganisms) things from "unsterile" things are used in surgery to prevent infection. All surgical instruments must be sterilized. Operating room staff must wear a sterile surgical gown, a surgical mask etc., and they must scrub hands and arms with a disinfectant agent (e.g chlorhexidine) before each procedure.
Prior to surgery, the patient is given a medical examination, and receives pre-operative tests. If these results are satisfactory, the patient signs a consent form.
In the pre-operative area, the patient puts on a surgical gown and is asked to confirm the details of the surgery. A set of vital signs are recorded, a peripheral IV line is placed, and pre-operative medications (antibiotics, sedatives, etc.) are given. When the patient enters the operating room, the skin surface called the operating field, is cleaned and prepared by applying an antiseptic solution to reduce the possibility of infection. The patient is assisted by the nurse to make a specific surgical position, and then sterile drapes are used to cover the surgical site.
Anesthesia is administered to prevent pain from an incision, tissue manipulation and suturing. Anesthesia may be provided locally or as general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia may be used when the surgical site is too large or deep, but general anesthesia may not be desirable. With local and spinal anesthesia, the surgical site is anesthetized, but the patient can remain conscious. In contrast, with general anesthesia the patient unconscious and paralyzed during surgery. Anesthesia is produced by a combination of injected and inhaled agents.
An incision is made to access the surgical site. Blood vessels may be clamped or cauterized to prevent bleeding, and retractors may be used to expose the site or keep the incision open. The approach to the surgical site may involve several layers of incision. In certain cases, bone may be cut to further access the interior of the body; for example, cutting the skull for brain surgery or cutting the sternum for thoracic (chest) surgery to open up the rib cage.
After completion of surgery, the patient is transferred to the post anesthesia care unit and closely monitored. Next, the patient is either transferred to a recovery room (RR), surgical ward elsewhere in the hospital or discharged home. During the post-operative period, the patient's general function is assessed, the result of the procedure is assessed, and the surgical site is checked for signs of infection. If removable skin sutures are used, they are removed after 7 to 10 days after the operation. In some cases surgical drains are used to remove blood or fluid from the surgical wound during recovery. Postoperative therapy may include administration of medication such as anti-rejection medication for transplants. Other follow-up rehabilitation may be prescribed during and after the recovery period.
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Notes
chlorhexidine / klɔːˈheksɪdiːn/ хлоргексидин
to cauterize/ ˈkɔː.tər.aɪz/ ( to burn an injury to stop bleeding and prevent infection) произвести коагуляцию (каутеризацию) кровеносных сосудов
retractor ранорасширитель, ретрактор хирургический инструмент, применяющийся для разведения краев кожи, мышц или других тканей с целью обеспечения необходимого доступа к оперируемому органу. В зависимости от выполняемой операции, могут применяться различные виды ретракторов)
to discharge выписать пациента
to assess /əˈses/ оценивать
anti - rejection medication использование иммунодепрессантов в послеоперационной терапии
Output
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