Схема порядка слов в повествовательном предложении
The Noun (Множественное число имён существительных) Имена существительные имеют два числа: единственное (table – стол) и множественное (tables – столы). Множественное число имен существительных образуется путем прибавления окончания –s (-es после букв –s, ss, x, ch, tch, sh). Запомните следующие особенности образования существительных во множественном числе: Согласная +y = i + es city – cities но play – plays f – v knife – knives но chief - chiefs, roof - roofs Исключения: a man – men a woman – women a child – children a foot – feet a tooth – teeth a goose-geese a mouse – mice an ox – oxen Существительные sheep (овца) – sheep (овцы), deer (олень) – deer (олени), swine (свинья) – swine (свиньи) имеют одну и ту форму для единственного и множественного числа. Ряд существительных употребляется только в форме единственного числа: sugar, love, friendship, iron, advice, knowledge, information, progress, news, vacation, money, hair. Некоторые существительные употребляются только во множественном числе: trousers, spectacles, scales, scissors, goods, clothes, arms, riches, stairs, wages, contents, potatoes, onions, carrots.
Possessive Case Существительное в притяжательном падеже служит определением к другому существительному и отвечает на вопрос whose? чей? Обозначая принадлежность предмета. Притяжательный падеж в единственном числе образуется путем прибавления к существительному окончания – s: e.g. the brother’s pen – ручка брата Peter’s friend – друг Питера
Притяжательный падеж существительных во множественном числе обозначается добавлением только апострофа: e.g. the students’ books – книги студентов the boys’ pencils – карандаши мальчиков но men’s clothes – одежда мужчин the children’s toys – игрушки детей Наряду с существительными в притяжательном падеже для выражения принадлежности употребляется существительное с предлогом of: e.g. my friend’s father – отец моего друга the father of my friend – отец моего друга
The Article Артикль является самым распространенным определителем существительного. В английском языке существует два артикля: неопределенный и определенный артикли.
I. Put the words in the right order:
1. don’t they English speak. 2. like you birthday Would come party? my to to 3. number? your telephone What’s 4. you tomorrow! See 5. old how this student? is 6. nineteen I’m old. Years 7. number? leave Would telephone like to you your 8. everything. know doesn’t Mike 9. sister my in works bank. 10. at the KSMTU (Kerch State Maritime Technological University) study I.
II. Divide the groups of letters and make sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian: 1. TheyliveinKerch. 2. Shehasgottwosisters. 3. Mymotherworksinbank. 4. Sheisasecretary. 5. Howoldisyourbrother? 6. CanIhavealook? 7. WearethestudentsofKSMTU. 8. Whatisyourtelephonenumber? 9. Myfamilyisneitherbignosmall. 10. Therearefiveofus. III. Give the plural for the following nouns: Face, portfolio, swine, house, tomato, mother-in-law, basis, clergyman, ox, cry, key, fox, downfall, rock, bush, enemy, leaf, roof, hero, bunch, sheep, ship, journey, penknife, man-of-war, loss, datum, goose, deer, pie, Englishwoman, wolf, mouse, bath, volcano, possibility, foot, handkerchief, thief, crisis, birth, echo, lie.
IV. Comment on the nouns fish and fruit. Translate the sentences into Russian: 1. Remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks. 2. Ah, well, there’s plenty more fish in the sea. 3. I saw a number of mango trees still bearing fruit. 4. Great parcels of groceries and delicacies and dried fruits arrived from the city. 5. From this central point they could see fruit-trees laden with magnificent fruits. 6. She watched the water-lily plants and willow leaves, the fishes rising. 7. The smell of those little fishes will follow me wherever I go.
V. Comment on the use of the Genitive Case: 1. It’s my mother-in-law’s seventieth birthday. 2. Mr. Brown had been satisfied with the results of Tom’s and nick’s visit. 3. He took the morning train and arrived at his mother’s at lunchtime. 4. Kate had gone to the Democratic candidate’s meeting party because she wanted to. 5. Ann nodded understandingly and after a moment’s pause Tom went on. 6. He swallowed and I saw his Adam’s apple go up and down. 7. A hundred houses were evacuated for safety’s sake.
VI. Replace the of-phrase by the noun in the Possessive Case: 1. The plays of the Shakespeare are very popular in this country. 2. The house of my daughter-in-law is within a stone’s throw from here. 3. Peter slipped his hand through the arm of his mother. 4. From the dining-room Mike passed into the study of Ann. 5. The cheeks of the secretary continued to brighten. 6. He told me about the return of his brother. 7. The supper of the children is ready.
8. Will you join the excursion of today? 9. The rays of the sun do not penetrate through that foliage. 10. The toys of the children are in the box. VII. Translate into English. Pay attention to the words in brackets: 1. Компьютер жены моего коллеги. (computer – wife – colleague) 2. Ноутбук невестки моего брата. (laptop – sister-in-law – brother) 3. Программное обеспечение поставщика моего филиала. (software – supplier – subsidiary) 4. Мышка помощника начальника. (mouse – assistant – boss) 5. Клавиатура менеджера его начальника отдела. (keyboard – manager – foreman)
VIII. Fill in the blanks with indefinite article (a, an): 1. It is … table. 2. It is not … desk. 3. It is … animal. 4. It is … text. 5. It is not … apple. 6. It is … map. 7. This is … cup. 8. It is … bad pencil. 9. It is … ox. 10. My sister is … engineer.
IX. Build up three columns from the following nouns and word combinations: … house, … Petrovs, my … sister, … butter, … knowledge, … Asia, … Caucasus, … Appennines, much …water, by … tram, any … pen, … sugar, … Bermudas, … milk, in … morning, at … school, on … right, to go to … bed, … sun, … tea, … Black Sea, … snow, … British Channel, … Australia, that … boy, … coal, … Titanic, … Geography, some … books, … Pacific Ocean, this … dictionary, … Paris, little …milk, … moon, … best boy, … second lesson, … United States of America, … Scotland, … Bahamas, … Rocky Mountains.
For example,
X. Use the proper article where necessary: 1. This is … book. It is my … book. 2. Is this your … pencil? – No, it isn’t my … pencil, it is my sister’s … pencil. 3. I have … sister. My … sister is … interpreter. My sister’s husband is … doctor. 4. I have no … handbag. 5. She has got … headache. 6. Have they got … car? – Yes, they have. Their … car is very expensive, but reliable. 7. This … pen is good, and that … pen is bad. 8. They have … dog and two … cats. 9. I have … spoon in my … plate, but I have no … soup in it. 10. My … friend says he is going to be … millionaire one … day.
Additional task I. Read the text and find answers to the following questions: 1) What is the flag of the United Kingdom made up of? 2) How is the Welsh flag called? 3) What do some Englishmen wear on St. George's Day? 4) What day is regarded as Scotland's national day? 5) What day is a national day in Northern Ireland?
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