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7. Supply the necessary derivative/compound related to the italicized word the complete each sentence.
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7. Supply the necessary derivative/compound related to the italicized word the complete each sentence.
| comfort | With difficulty, she rolled her body into a more __________ position. |
| capacity | Today, though, we can say with confidence that we are quite _________ of handling this challenge. |
| confuse | His speech flung the meeting into ____________. |
| deceive | She imagined the scene when he should discover her little __________. |
| evaluate | We need to carry out a proper _________ of the new system. |
| obviously | Teaching is an _________ choice of career if you like working with children. |
8. Paraphrase the following sentences using your active vocabulary:
- He had been instructed not to make any announcement s to the press about the incident.
- She was admired by one of the male dancers.
- He doesn't look well off, but you shouldn't judge by look.
- You should be able to appraise your own work.
- She has the aptitude to go all the way to the top.
- John gently disengaged himself from his sister's tearful embrace.
- The prince was rather alarmed at all this, and was obliged to end by appointing the same hour of the following day for the interview desired.
- He wanted to meet the huge lack in his knowledge of history.
- Standard washing machines use about 40 gallons of water.
- Geoff had been unfaithful to her on many occasions.
9. Circle the word that does not fit into the group. Explain why.
1. easy, ready, complex, slight
2. inessential, considerable, unimportant, incidental
3. unhindered, hurdle, smoothly, swimmingly,
4. appropriate, bad, inapplicable, undue
5. agitation, restlessness, comfort, unrest
6. artificial, imaginary, spurious, genuine
7. clarify, confuse, hearten, reassure
10. Make up a short situation using your active vocabulary:
non-verbal communication, obviously, interfere, visual deceit, derive, inevitable, verbal communication, interaction, retreat, prejudice.
TEXT 4. NON - VERBAL COMMUNICATION
1. Work with a partner and discuss these questions.
a. Is it important to know and use body language? Why?
b. Can we communicate without gestures? Why? Why not?
c. Are the gestures and body language universal for all people?
2. Now read the text and check your answers.
Do we expect other cultures to adopt our customs or are we willing to adopt theirs? This might translate to how business or even foreign relations are to be conducted. Do we compromise or force others peoples to deal only on our terms?
We may not have time to hear a language, but taking time to learn the «signals» is a powerful communicator. As the global village continues to shrink and cultures collide, it is essential for all of us to become more sensitive, more aware, and more observant to the myriad motions, gestures, and body language that surround us each day. And as many of us cross over cultural borders, it would be fitting for us to respect, learn, and understand more about the effective, yet powerful «silent language» of gestures. The world is a giddy montage of vivid gestures- traffic police, street vendors, expressway drivers, teachers, children on playground, athletes with their exuberant hugging, clenched fists and «high fives». People all over the world use their hands, heads, and bodies to communicate expressively.
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Without gestures, our world would be static and colorless. The social anthropologists Edward T. Hall claims 60 percent of all our communication is nonverbal. In that case, how can we possibly communicate with one another without gestures? Gestures and body language communicate as effectively as words- maybe even more effectively. We use gestures daily, almost instinctively, from beckoning to a waiter, or punctuating a business presentation with visual signals to airport ground attendants guiding an airline pilot into the jet way or a parent using a whole dictionary of gestures to teach (or preach to) a child.
Gestures are woven inextricably in to our social lives, but also that the «vocabulary» of gestures, can be at once informative and entertaining... but also dangerous. Gestures can be menacing (two drivers on a freeway), warm (an open-armed welcome), instructive (a police man giving road directions), or even sensuous (the liquid movement of a Hawaiian hula dancer).
Bear in mind that the following gestures are in general use, but there may always be exceptions. In recent years, Western and contemporary values and ideas have become more popular and has either influenced, altered, and even replaced, some of the more traditional gestures, understanding human behavior is tricky stuff. No two people behave in precisely the same way. Nor do people from the same culture all perform exactly the same gestures and body language uniformly. For almost any gestures there will probably be a minority within a given nationality who might say «Well, some might attach that meaning to it, but to me it means... » and then they will provide a different interpretation. In the world of gestures, the best single piece of advice is to remember the two A’s – «Ask» and be «aware». If you see a motion or gesture that is new or confusing, ask a local person what it signifies. Then, be aware of the many body signs and customs around you.
(Источник: http: //www. lengish. com)
3. Read the text again and complete the chart below:
| Many of us cross over cultural borders, it would be fitting for us … | to respect, learn, and understand more about the effective, yet powerful «silent language» of gestures. |
| The world is a giddy montage of vivid gestures…and people all over the world use… | |
| The social anthropologists Edward T. Hall claims… | |
| We use gestures daily… | |
| The «vocabulary» of gestures can be… | |
| In recent years, Western and contemporary values and ideas have become… | |
| No two people behave… and nor do people from the same culture perform… | |
| In the world of gestures, the best single piece of advice is to remember the two A’s … |
Essential Vocabulary
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| adopt | принимать (что-л. ); перенимать, усваивать |
| custom | обычай, традиция (в масштабах одного народа, культуры); привычка, обыкновение (конкретного человека) |
| compromise | 1) пойти на компромисс 2) компрометировать, подрывать (репутацию, доверие) 3) подвергать риску, опасности |
| shrink | уменьшать, сокращать |
| collide | сталкиваться, приходить в противоречие; конфликтовать |
| myriad | бессчётный, бесчисленный, неисчислимый, несметный |
| motion | жест, телодвижение; изменение позы; походка |
| gesture | жест; телодвижение |
| cultural borders | культурные границы |
| montage | монтаж; коллаж; калейдоскоп (быстрая смена событий, явлений, впечатлений) |
| giddy | головокружительный; вертящийся, кружащийся |
| vivid | яркий |
| exuberant | бьющий через край, бьющий ключом, неудержимый, бурный |
| fist | пожатие, рукопожатие |
| hugging | крепкое объятие |
| clenched | сжатый |
| body language | язык тела |
| beckon | 1) подзывать кивком головы; манить, делать знак (рукой, пальцем) 2) манить, привлекать |
| weave | сливаться, соединяться, сплетаться |
| inextricably | неразрывно; запутанно, сложно |
| entertaining | забавный, занимательный, курьёзный, развлекательный |
| menacing | угрожающий, грозный, страшный, зловещий; ощетинившийся; опасный |
| an open-armed welcome | радушный прием |
| sensuous | чувственный, чувствительный |
| precisely | точно, строго, определённо |
| interpretation | интерпретация, истолкование, трактовка |
| confusing | сбивающий с толку, путаный |
| signify | значить, обозначать; символизировать; предвещать, предрекать, предсказывать |
| sign | знак; символ |
4. Use dictionaries to study the meaning of the following vocabulary items:
motion, gesture, sign, border.
1. Write out common collocations with them.
5. Match the words with their definitions. There are two extra definitions:
| 1. adopt | a. intended to threaten or frighten someone |
| 2. shrink | b. an explanation of the meaning or importance of something |
| 3. menacing | c. having or producing very clear and detailed images in the mind |
| 4. custom | d. to mean something |
| 5. compromise | e. to start using a particular way of speaking, thinking, or behaving that is not the one you usually use |
| 6. interpretation | f. an extremely large number of people or things, especially one that is too large to count |
| 7. vivid | g. to signal to someone to come towards you |
| 8. signify | h. to put your arms round someone to show your love or friendship |
| 9. collide | i. closed tightly together |
| 10. myriad | j. something that people do that is traditional or usual |
| 11. beckon | k. a thing that forms an attractive combination with something else |
| 12. hugging | l. a person or company that buys goods or services |
| 13. clenched | m. to become smaller in size |
| n. to find it impossible to agree about something | |
| o. a way of solving a problem or ending an argument in which both people or groups accept that they cannot have everything they want |
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6. Fill in the blanks with words from the word-box. There are two extra vocabulary items:
| giddy | an open-armed welcome | body language |
| sensuous | fist | entertaining |
| hugging | montage | border |
1. The balled fist broke brow like thunderbolt.
2. They drank the bottle of wine while the sensuous heat of early afternoon made blinding freckles on the checkered luncheon cloth.
3. They decorated their walls with a montage of personal objects.
4. She felt giddy from the unaccustomed exercise.
5. Open-armed welcomes and how-do-you-dos were pouring both at once on either side.
6. Develop confident and beautiful body language.
7. Rushes grew on the borders of the lake.
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