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LANGUAGE IN USE. Having + V 3f. 11. Переведите на английский язык словосочетания. 12. Замените русские слова в скобках правильными формами причастий.
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LANGUAGE IN USE
Having + V 3f
Переводятся на русский язык деепричастиями прошедшего времени, отвечающими на вопрос «что сделав? ».
Example: Henry II, having established the king's court and designated that laws were " common" to the entire England…- король Генри II, установив королевские суды и объявив, что они становятся “общими”…
11. Переведите на английский язык словосочетания.
завоевав многие страны, навязав свою правовую систему завоеванным странам, испытывая влияние библии.
12. Замените русские слова в скобках правильными формами причастий.
1. (Просмотрев) the newspapers, he was ready for the talk about current events in the world.
2. He has presented an interesting report (изучив) a great amount of articles on the subject.
3. (Сделав) all possible they couldn’t save him.
4. He left the hall (закончив) his report.
5. They insisted on investigating the case (узнав) about the new facts.
UNIT 8. LEGAL SYSTEMS OF THE WORLD: MIXED AND OTHER SYSTEMS
TEXT 6
1. Бегло прочитайте текст и определите в каком абзаце
а) рассказывается о влиянии старого права Нидерландов на правовые системы других стран;
б) даются особенности правовых систем стран Северной Европы;
в) дается пример страны, успешно совместившей в своей правовой системе признаки романо-германский системы права с общим правом.
MIXED' SYSTEMS
1. In the first group are countries with a 'mixed' system influenced by both civil and common law. The older uncodified civil law of Holland is the basis of the Roman-Dutch law of South Africa, Zambia, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana and, on the other side of the ocean, Sri Lanka; it is marked by a rich juristic literature stemming from Hugo Grotius (de Groot) in the 17th century. But their long contacts with Britain mean that their public law and systems of court procedure owe much to the common law.
2. Scotland, Louisiana, Mauritius and Quebec are examples of a private law based on older civil and customary rules (uncodified in Scotland) struggling to endure in a common-law environment. Israel has a system all its own, where the older Ottoman and British mandate layers are now overridden by a modern system. It has no single constitutional document, but much of the modern law combines the broad legislative simplicity of the great codes of civil law with the careful transparency of the common-law judgment.
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3. The Nordic Europe legal systems of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden do not fit neatly into the civil-law pattern. Their original Germanic public and private law was collected in legislative form long before the rationalizing fashion of the French model: in Denmark (1683), Norway (1683), and Sweden-Finland (1734). Marked by relatively small populations with a high standard of living, economic efficiency and the ideals of the modern welfare state, they have adopted much uniform legislation especially in the fields of commerce and family law.
2. Расставьте предлоги в словосочетаниях из текста: by, by, of, with, for, on, into.
1. the system is influenced ____ civil law
2. codes ___ civil law ___ the careful transparency of common law judgment
3. is the basis ___ the law of South Africa
4. is marked ___ rich juristic literature
5. private law base ___ older civil rules
6. do not fit neatly ___ the civil-law pattern
3. Работа в парах. Прочитайте текст 7. Некоторые фразы были удалены из текста.
Расставьте их по своим местам (A-G). Сверьте результаты своей работы с коллегой по группе.
1. that makes law subordinate 5. a new democratic constitution
2. inspired by Soviet models 6. compared with the older systems
3. much power remains 7. denigrated and degraded during
4. to attain socialism
TEXT 7
SOCIALIST LAW
Until recently, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (the USSR) and some other countries proclaimed that socialism was producing an entirely new form of law, not to be judged by or even ( A ). This view was said to be the scientific conclusion of a Marxist analysis. The elimination of the USSR as a state was followed by collapse of the newly build legal system at the end of the 20th century. The USSR's peaceful disintegration into 15 sovereign states has provoked much activity in fashioning new structures. Most of the states by now have ( B ) and are drafting the rest of the legal system.
One more example of applying socialist law is China. From its inception in 1949, the People's Republic of China's declared aim was ( C ). It abrogated all earlier legislation and during the next decade much of the formal law was ( D ). But the 'Great Leap Forward' of 1958 emphasized ideological leadership, law was ( E ) the Cultural Revolution (1966-76), and it was not until the 1980s that something resembling a recognizable legal system began to appear. Under the 1982 Constitution China - despite its size - is not a federation. The People's Congress is the named legislator and the 'executive' is the State Council, although ( F ) with the Chinese Communist Party. The pre-Cultural Revolution legal structure has been partly resurrected, and a legal framework of codes enacted. The Basic Principles of Civil Law contain many provisions that would be familiar to Western jurists. The actual functioning of the system, however, is affected by the persistent attitude ( G ) to the decisions of central and local political authorities.
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