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Highest State Courts. 8. Подберите для каждого названия американского суда его русский эквивалент. 9. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.
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Highest State Courts
All states have some sort of highest court. While they are usually referred to as supreme courts, some, such as the highest court in Maryland, are known as courts of appeal. In states with intermediate appellate courts, the highest state courts usually have discretionary review as to whether to accept a case. In states without intermediate appellate courts, appeals may usually be taken to the highest state court as a matter of right. In addition, many state supreme courts have original jurisdiction in certain matters. For example, the highest courts in several states have original jurisdiction over controversies regarding elections and the reapportionment of legislative districts. These courts often sit in panels of three, five, seven, or nine judges/justices.
8. Подберите для каждого названия американского суда его русский эквивалент.
a) Суд по делам несовершеннолетних
b) Промежуточный апелляционный суд
c) Муниципальный суд (суд первой инстанции в ряде штатов США)
d) Суд по делам о нарушений правил безопасности движения
e) Суд по делам о наследстве
f) Суд малых исков
g) Суд по семейным делам
- Probate court ____________
- Family court ______________
- Traffic court ______________
- Juvenile court ______________
- Small claims court _______________
- Municipal court ___________________
- Intermediate appellate courts _________________
9. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.
- What types of courts are most state court systems made up of?
- What cases do trial courts of limited jurisdiction deal with?
- What jurisdiction does the Probate court have? What cases does it hear?
- What cases does the Family court examine?
- What is the jurisdiction of the Traffic court?
- What cases does the Juvenile court handle?
- What cases does the Small claims court handle?
- What cases does the Municipal court handle?
- What is the jurisdiction of trial courts of general jurisdiction?
- What is the role of intermediate appellate courts?
- What is the jurisdiction of highest state courts?
10. Изучите виды судебных дел, которые представлены ниже, и распределите их по соответствующим колонкам. Скажите, к юрисдикции какого суда относится каждое дело. Вспомните содержание текстов из упражнений 3 и 7.
- Bankruptcy matters
- Family law issues
- Most personal injury lawsuits
- Probate and inheritance matters
- Crimes under statuses enacted by congress
- Admiralty cases
- Real property issues
- Patent, copyright, and other intellectual property issues
- Traffic violations and other misdemeanors occurring on certain federal property
- Most traffic violations and registration of motor vehicles
- Crimes under state legislation
- State constitutional issues and cases involving state laws or regulations
- Most cases involving federal laws or regulations (for example: tax, Social Security, broadcasting, civil rights)
- Disputes between states
- International trade law matters
- Most private contract disputes (except those resolved under bankruptcy law)
- Most issues involving the regulation of trades and professions
- Cases involving rights under treaties, foreign states, and foreign nationals
- Matters involving interstate and international commerce, including airline and railroad regulation
- Most workers’ injury claims
- Crimes under state legislation
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Unit 14
JUDICIAL BRANCH OF THE UNUTED KINGDOM
1. Прочитайте текст (3 мин. ) без словаря и найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русским предложениям.
TEXT 7
- В Объединенном королевстве нет единого свода законов, который применялся бы во всем государстве.
- Каждая из отдельных правовых систем в Англии и Уэльсе, Северной Ирландии и Шотландии имеет свою судебную власть.
- ……… Лорд-главный судья выполняет около 400 функций, учрежденных законом ……..
- ……… Лорд-главный судья в настоящее время решает, где судьи заседают и какие дела они рассматривают …………..
- ……… Лорд-главный судья организовал Исполнительный комитет судебной власти, чтобы помочь в обеспечении руководства судебной властью …………
- Судьи разных уровней судебной системы могут иметь свои представительские организации ….
The United Kingdom does not have a single body of law applicable throughout the realm. Scotland has its own distinctive system and courts; in Northern Ireland, certain spheres of law differ in substance from those operating in England and Wales.
The Judiciary of the United Kingdom is not a single body either. Each of the separate legal systems in England and Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland have their own judiciary.
There are various levels of judiciary in England and Wales — different types of courts have different styles of judges.
As part of the constitutional changes of April 2006, the Lord Chief Justice is responsible for some 400 statutory functions, which were previously the responsibility of the Lord Chancellor. For example, the Lord Chief Justice now decides where judges sit, and the type of cases they hear. To do this, the Lord Chief Justice has support from his judicial colleagues, as well as from a small administrative staff.
An outline structure for the organisation of the judiciary has been created. This document provides greater detail about the way in which the changes set out in the Constitutional Reform Act impact on the judiciary.
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The Lord Chief Justice has created a Judicial Executive Board to help provide judicial direction and he has also strengthened the existing Judges’ Council, which is representative of all levels of the judiciary.
Sometimes different levels of judges have their own representative organisations, for example the Association of Her Majesty's District Judges, or Council of Her Majesty's Circuit Judges. These groups represent the interests of judges from a particular level or jurisdiction.
Finally, judges also have access to administrative support within the court environment, whether this is their own allocated clerk, court staff, or legal advisers for magistrates.
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