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Проанализируйте и переведите следующие предложения.
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1. Voting, which began at 8 a.m. and was to last eight hours, was extended by one or two hours in a number of cities, including Tehran.
2. A “federation fund” of a $l billion is to be spent on projects of “national significance” leading up to the centenary of Australia's federation.
3. The talks aimed at ending the civil war in Colombia are to establish an agenda and location for full-scale negotiations later this year.
4. Labour is to move quickly to introduce legislation to ban advertisements for cigarette smoking, the Commons heard yesterday.
5. The External Affairs Minister who was to have addressed the General Assembly on the Canadian position yesterday, suddenly postponed his statement.
6. Another topic was the importance of fully integrating nations such as Russia and China into the world economic scheme if the United States and Europe are to have stable relations with them.
7. The report from the left-leaning think-tank Demos stops short of recommending abolition of the monarchy, but argues “democratic” reform is needed if the institution is to match public expectation.
8.If either or anything is to survive, they must find a way to create an indissoluble partnership.
9. Any EU nation needs to have an inner self-confidence if it is to step out of what is otherwise an EU consensus position on foreign and defence policy.
10. Italy needs to get a firmer hold on this corner of the market if its dominance of the fashion industry is not to be threatened
11. Mr Largent believes that the Republicans' mistake at the recent election was to forget their message.
12. He realised early that France had to collaborate with other European countries if it was to compete with the American aviation giants.
13. Yet strong African leadership is essential if the punitive African peacekeeping force is not to look like an extension of American or European power in Africa.
14. If capitalism with Chinese characteristics is not to become as dirty a phrase in China as crony capitalism has in Russia, Eastern Europe and parts of East Asia, checks are urgently needed to stop local bosses enriching themselves at others' expense.
15. Their hesitations have already encouraged Serbia's president in his refusal to make concessions at the negotiating table; they could yet curtail a military campaign that should go on for weeks if it is to have any chance of achieving its aims.
16. If one administration after another proved unable to deal with its own household finances, its incessantly proclaimed top priority, was its competence to be trusted in the less visible and comprehensible matters of defence, strategic arms, diplomacy or finance?
17. If the mistakes of the neighbours are to be avoided, people need to be free to debate government policy and to hold accountable those who do wrong.
18. But this success must be made the starting point of a new effort if the impetus is to be maintained and still bigger successes won
19. Changes seem inevitable, but no one can say what. But changes there must be if confidence in the board is to be restored and it is to function properly.
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20. These are only a few of the questions which arise out of the vast subject “Planning and Economic Growth”. A choice must be made, in view of the breadth and diversity of these questions, if certain aspects of the problem are to be examined at all deeply within the limits of this brief article.
21. But it is savings and investment, as well as goods and chattels, that Egypt needs if it is to reach the magic growth figure.
22. Osama al-Baz, a wise Egyptian who advises the president, says: “We will not allow moneyed people to dominate the government. They can have loud voices on economic reform but... it is still a question of social justice.” And so, if this economic revolution is to succeed, it should be.
23. Now, after three months of closer scrutiny, at the point at which the bills were to have been presented to Parliament, they have suddenly been withdrawn for redrafting.
24. It was to have been the biggest merger in corporate history, creating a colossus with a market capitalization of $ 205 billion, second only to that of General Electric.
25. But the official went on to emphasize that the new administration's aim is to reduce and manage disagreements through the consultation process that has now begun.
26. Their initial goal is to end three years of budget deficits and inflation by the end of this year.
To have
1. Глагол to have с последующим инфинитивом означает долженствование, вызванное силой обстоятельств, необходимостью. На русский язык, как правило, переводится: пришлось, придется, приходится, предстоит
The negotiations might fail. In that event the Government would have to decide what to do. Переговоры могут окончиться и неудачей. В таком случае правительству пришлось бы решать, что делать (предпринять).
The Government has promised to abolish the death penalty, although it has yet to win ratification of this pledge from the Parliament. Правительство обещало отменить смертную казнь, хотя ему еще предстоит добиться ратификации этого обещания в Парламенте.
2. Глагол to have с последующим сложным дополнением (имя сущ./местоим. + неличная форма глагола или наречие) передает:
1) каузативность (побуждение или содействие осуществлению действия). На русский язык передается при помощи таких слов, как заставить, устроить, сделать так, чтобы, добиться того, чтобы, и другими лексическими средствами.
We had them beaten this time. На этот раз мы их одолели.
(содействовали их поражению /устроили так, чтобы они проиграли). (В зависимости от контекста)
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I would have you to know. Я хотел бы поставить вас в известность.
They will have him back. Они заставят его вернуться
2) действие, совершенное по инициативе, побуждению лица, выраженного подлежащим.
The town council has had three houses built. Городской муниципалитет построил три дома.
3) действие, совершенное помимо (независимо от) воли или желания лица, выраженного подлежащим, и направленное на него.
We had a note handed to us. Нам вручили записку.
Перевод глагола to have представляет значительную трудность, так как в русском языке нет аналогичных грамматических средств для передачи этих значений. Кроме того, точное значение вытекает иногда из более широкого контекста. При переводе приходится пользоваться различными лексическими средствами, которые наиболее точно передают значение английского предложения.
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