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Специальность: «Экономика»
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Вариант 1
Задание 1. Прочитайте текст:
ВASIC INGREDIENTS OF THE U.S. ECONOMY
The first ingredient of a nation’s economic system is its natural resources. The United States is rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil, and it is blessed with a moderate climate. It also has extensive coastlines on both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as on the Gulf of Mexico. Rivers flow from far within the continent and the Great Lakes- five large, inland lakes along the U.S. border with Canada- provide additional shipping access. These extensive waterways have helped shape the country’s economic growth over the years and helped bind America’s 50 individual states together in a single economic unit.
The second ingredient is labor, which converts natural resources into goods.
Labor mobility has likewise been important to the capacity of the American economy to adapt to changing conditions. When immigrants flooded labor markets on the East Coast, many workers moved inland, often to farmland waiting to be tilled. Similarly, economic opportunities in industrial, northern cities attracted back Americans from southern farms in the first half of the 20th century.
But natural resources and labor account for only part of an economic system. These resources must be organized and directed as efficiently as possible. In the American economy, managers, responding to signals from markets, perform this function. The traditional managerial structure in America is based on a top-down chain of command: authority flows from the chief executive in the boardroom, who makes sure that the entire business runs smoothly and efficiently, through various lower levels of management responsible for coordinating different parts of enterprise, down to the foreman on the shop floor. Numerous tasks are divided among different divisions and workers. In early 20th-century America, this specialization, or division of labor, was said to reflect “scientific management” based on systematic analysis. Many enterprises continue to operate with this traditional structure, but others have taken changing views on management.
Задание 2. Письменно переведите на русский язык 1-ый абзац текста.
Задание 3. Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What is the first ingredient of any economic system?
2. What is the traditional managerial structure in America?
Задание 4. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. They had finished painting the ceiling by two o’clock.
2. Sometimes he publishes his articles in the Financial Times.
3. The firm didn’t reduce their prices because their goods were in demand.
Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя соответствующую форму прилагательного.
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1. He is much (good) now than yesterday.
2. This garden is the (beautiful) in our town.
3. She is (old) than her best friend.
Задание 6. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя пассив.
1. Many people send greeting cards on holidays.
2. Are people making changes in your city now?
3. They will stage this play at the beginning of next season.
Вариант 2
Задание 1. Прочитайтетекст:
THE MANAGER: ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Managers are coordinators of economic activities in business organizations. Coordination of group efforts is an essential function in a company, and whoever acts as a coordinator is a manager.
Managers do not perform physical tasks which are necessary to produce and sell goods and services that are the output of the company. All this is done by workers and employees. On the other hand, the latter would be unable to achieve the goal of the organization without the guiding hand of management.
There are literally thousands of decisions in a company about what is to be done, who is to do it and how it is to be done. It is managers who make these decisions and see that they are implemented.
The duties of a manager include: the determination of the best form of organization, development of a control system, budgeting and forecasting, marketing and sales policies, effective performance of the sales staff, development of improved methods for planning and control of ordering, handling and sorting out of the material and supplies, determination of wages and salaries, the establishment of incentives for good performance.
The work of managers is, by no means, confined to manufacturing industries. It is indispensable in offices, banks, insurance agencies and other similar activities.
Speaking about personnel qualities it should be noted that he/she needs energy, good judgment, a sense of reality and social responsibility.
Задание 2. Письменно переведите на русский язык 1-ый и 2-ой абзац текста.
Задание 3. Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. Why are managers considered to be coordinators?
2. What are the decisions which are made in any company about?
3. What do the duties of a manager include?
4. In what fields must a manager be knowledgeable?
Задание 4. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The student made no mistakes in his translation.
2. Yesterday evening Tom was watching an interesting film when the telephone rang.
3. The car has just stopped because there isn’t any petrol in the tank.
Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя соответствующую форму прилагательного.
1. This book is (interesting) of all I have ever read this year.
2. What is your height? You are (tall) than me.
3. The Alps are (high) than the Urals.
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Задание 6. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя пассив.
1. We discussed the matter some days ago.
2. Americans have eaten turkey on Thanksgiving Day since the nation was young.
3. She promised an interesting entertainment.
Вариант 3
Задание 1. Прочитайте текст:
ADVERTISING IN THE USA
The influence of advertising in the mass media market has both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side is the fact that people get an incredible variety of information, entertainment and culture at minimal cost. The disadvantage is that nearly all of America’s mass communications are heavily overloaded with commercial or persuasive messages.
All advertising contains both information and persuasion. The classified advertisements in the daily newspapers are almost pure information. So are most of the supermarkets specials.
In Latin ad vertere means “to turn the mind towards something”. The American Marketing Association (AMA) point out that advertising is a tool of marketing along with the product price, distribution and personnel selling. It also reminds us that advertising can be used to promote ideologies and services. This kind of promotion is “non-personal” – it is directed “to whom it may concern” – and therefore it is effective because the audience is very receptive to it.
The first function of advertising is to distinguish among identical products. This attempt was exercised at the end of the 19th century by means of brand identification. It seemed that the brand name would become synonymous with the product or its quality. The next technique applied to advertising was brand image. Its aim was to create an image for a product that puts it a little above the competition and hence makes it a little more desirable. Since the late 1960s, a new concept has come to national advertising called positioning. Positioning consist of segmenting a market by persuading the customer that the new product will meet the needs of a selective group. Positioning recognized the differences in people as individuals and the impossibility of any product capturing the entire potential market.
Задание 2. Письменно переведите на русский язык 1-ый и 2-ой абзацы текста.
Задание 3. Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What are the advantages of advertising in the mass media?
2. What does the AMA recommend to do to make advertising effective?
3. What is the main function of advertising?
Задание 4. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. They told us that they had spent all the money.
2. We were discussing the prices when you telephoned us.
3. All the newspapers will publish this information tomorrow.
Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя соответствующую форму прилагательного.
1. We should eat (healthy) food.
2. He worked (hard) and (hard) as the end of the term came nearer.
3. This is the (beautiful) view I have ever seen in my life.
Задание 6. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя пассив.
1. Everybody listened to the lecturer with great attention.
2. They are building a new concert hall in our district.
3. They will translate this article tomorrow.
Вариант 4
Задание 1. Прочитайте текст:
ACCOUNTING
If one wants to the financial picture of a company, one has to deal with accounting, the latter being the best way of analyzing the business activities of the company. It is the accounting department that keeps the necessary records and gives an assessment to the business activities of the company. The department systematically reports on the financial results of the deals struck and their impact on the company’s financial condition.
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Accounting records offer very significant information which is used by banks and governmental offices, stockholders and creditors, managers, and independent analysts.
In most cases business organizations prepare two kinds of records: income statement and balance sheet. These documents show how money was obtained and used by the company.
The analysis of accounting record is carried out with the help of a ratio analysis. A ratio analysis is the relationship of two figures. In finance we operate with three main categories of ratios. One of them deals with profitability. It is used as a measure of a company’s operating efficiency.
The other group of ratios treats of assets and liabilities. It helps a company to assess its current financial situation. The third group of ratios has to do with the overall financial structure of the company. It gives a profound analysis of the property value of the company.
Задание 2. Письменно переведите на русский язык 1-ый и 2-ой абзацы текста.
Задание 3. Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What role does the accounting department play?
2. What types of documents do business organizations prepare?
3. What is a ratio analysis?
4. What does the first group of ratios deal with?
Задание 4. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. They have recently built a new plant in our town.
2. We have been looking for you the whole evening.
3. By three o’clock the workers had loaded the trucks.
Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя соответствующую форму прилагательного.
1. Today the weather is (cold) than it was yesterday.
2. It is (easy) to swim in the sea than in the river.
3. He is one of the (dangerous) criminals in the world.
Задание 6. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя пассив.
1. What holidays do people celebrate in your country?
2. They are repairing his car at the moment.
3. They were building this bridge when I was here last year.
Вариант 5
Задание 1. Прочитайте текст:
INTEREST RATES
The Bank’s influence on short term interest rates arises from its role in the domestic money markets. As bankers to the government and to the banks, the Bank is able to forecast fairly accurately the pattern of flows between the government’s accounts on the one hand, and by commercial banks on the other, and acts on a daily basis to smooth out the imbalances which arise. When more money flows from the bank to the government than vice versa, the bank’s holdings of liquid assets are run down and the money market finds itself short of funds. When more money flows the other way, the market can be in cash surplus, but the pattern of government and bank operations usually results in a shortage of cash in the market each day – a shortage which the Bank then relieves. Because the Bank is thus, on a day – to – day basis, the final provider of liquidity to the system, it can choose the interest rate at which it will provide funds each day.
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Rather than deal directly with every individual bank, the Banks uses the discount houses as an intermediary. These are highly-specialized dealers who hold large stocks of commercial bills and with whom the major banks place their surplus cash. The discount houses have borrowing facilities at the Bank. The Bank may provide cash either by purchasing securities from the houses, or by lending to them direct. The rates at which the Bank deals with the discount houses are quickly passed on through the financial system, influencing interest rates for the whole economy.
When the Bank changes its dealing rate, the commercial banks promptly change their own base rates from which deposit and lending rates are calculated.
Задание 2. Письменно переведите на русский язык 2-ой абзац текста.
Задание 3. Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What are the reasons for the shortage of funds on the money market?
2. When can the market be in cash surplus?
3. When does the market find itself short of funds?
4. What is an interest rates?
Задание 4. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The written test had just begun and the students were writing their names at the top of their papers.
2. By this time next year I will have saved $ 1000.
3. Five years ago this company manufactured only this equipment.
Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя соответствующую форму прилагательного.
1. He is one of the (experienced) economists in our firm.
2. The (tall) trees in the world grow in California.
3. My sister speaks English (good) than I do.
Задание 6. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя пассив.
1. He stole a lot of money from the shop.
2. They will sign this contract in a month.
3. They serve breakfast from eight to eleven at this hotel.
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
1. Агабекян И.П. Английский язык для бакалавров.- A Course of English for Bachelor’s Degree Students. Intermediaate Level / И.П.Агаббекян.-изд.2-е стер.-Ростов н/Д:Феникс, 2012.-379, [3]с.:ил.- (Высшее образование)
2. Агабекян И.П. Английский язык в сфере обслуживания. = English for Students in Service Sector, Tourism and Hospitality. /И.П.Агабекян. – Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2012. – 377, [1]с. – (ВВысшее образование).
3. Агабекян И.П. Английский для технических вузов / И.П.Агабекян, П.И.Коваленко. – изд. 13-е, стер. – Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2012. – 347с. – (Высшеее образование).
4. Агабекян И.П. Английский для экономистов / И.П.Агабекянб П.И.Коваленко. – изд 13-е. стер. – Ростов н/Д: Феникс, 2012. – 413с. – (Высшее образование).
5. Банкевич В.В. и др. Английский язык для студентов гидрометеорологических специальностей. _ СПб.: РГГМУ, 2002. – 271 стр.
6. Голицынский Ю.Грамматика:сборник упражнений-СПб:КАРО,2008
7.Методическое обеспечение самостоятельной работы студентов по дисциплинам кафедры "Иностранные языки" (Английский язык): учебно-методический комплекс, Ч. 1/ РГУПС. -Ростов н/Д, 2010. -243 с.
8. Халилова Л.А. English for students of economics: учебник английского языка. – М.: ФОРУМ: ИНФРА-М, 2010. – 384с.
9. Шевелева С.А. Английский язык для экономистов. Грамматика: учебное пособие – М.: ФОРУМ,2011г.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
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| Контрольные работы. Общие указания........................ | |
| Контрольная работа 1..................................... | |
| Контрольная работа 2. Специальность «Прикладная информатика» | |
| Контрольная работа 2. Специальности: «Экология природопользования», «Прикладная гидрометеорология»………………………. | |
| Контрольная работа 2. Специальность «Менеджмент»…………… | |
| Контрольная работа 2.Специальность «Экономика»............. | |
| Литература............ …………………………………………….. | |
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ДЛЯ ЗАМЕТОК
Учебное издание
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ЛР № ________ от ________
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Подписано в печать …….. Формат 60 
90 1/16 Бумага кн.-жур. Печать офсетная.
Печ. л. …….. Уч.-изд. л. ……….. Тираж …….. Зак. ………..
195196, СПб, Малоохтинский пр. 98. РГГМУ.
Отпечатано ………….
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