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Заполните пропуски в предложениях текста, используя следующие слова
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usually, words, printer, simplify, discussed, politicians, agreed, difficult
English is a very... language to read because the same sounds have different spellings. Over the years people have tried to change this to... the spelling of English. In America in the early 1900s, the Simplified Spelling Board met and... the changes they wanted to make to some.... They spoke to the American president - Theodore Roosevelt - and he.... He told the government... to use simplified spelling on all government letters. But the president could not get the... to agree and so all work on the idea stopped. Nowadays we have some words that are spelt simply but this is... in advertisements.
Грамматика
Оборот there + be
1. При переводе с русского языка оборот there + be необходимо использовать если:
1) в предложении речь идет о наличии (отсутствии) какого-либо лица (предмета) в определенном месте (существует, есть, имеется, лежит, висит, стоит и т.д.);
2) слова в русском предложении следуют в порядке:
Где? Кто? (Что?)
(обстоятельство места) (подлежащее)
На столележит книга.
В гараже стоит машина.
Вчера в парке было много детей.
Структура английского предложения с оборотом there + be
There be + что? (кто?) + где? + когда?
Например, На столе лежит книга. – There is ( что? ) a book (где?) on the table.
В гараже стоит машина. - There is ( что? ) a car (где?) in the garage.
Вчера в парке было много детей. - There were ( кто? ) many children (где?) in the park ( когда?) yesterday.
Обратите внимание, что глагол to be в составе оборота может использоваться в различных временах и согласуется в числе с подлежащим. Если в предложении несколько подлежащих, то он согласуется с первым из них. Сравните:
There is a dictionary and some books on the table.
There are some books and a dictionary on the table.
Перевод английского предложения с оборотом there + be необходимо начинать с обстоятельства места (времени), которое обычно находится в конце предложения. Например,
There are two windows in the room. – В комнате два окна.
Если в предложении с оборотом there + be нет обстоятельства места (времени), то его перевод начинается словами «существует», «есть», «имеется», «находится», «бывает».
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There are four states of matter. - Существует четыре состояния вещества.
Отрицательная форма
There is not a computer in the room.
There is no computer in the room.
Вопросительная форма
Is there a computer in the room? – Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.
What is there in the room?
6. Переведите следующие предложения, включающие оборот there + be.
1. There are a lot of sights in this city.
2. There is much historical information in this guide.
3. There is a garden where people can walk and a canalside terrace with breathtaking views.
4. Is there a bus stop near your house?
5. There aren’t any museums in this street, but there are some very interesting monuments.
6. There wasn’t a satellite TV in the room of the hotel.
7. There are more than 300 types of job aboard ship.
7.Заполните пропуски в предложениях местоимениями some, any, no
1. I cannot post my letter. We haven’t got … stamps.
2. Are there … shops in this street?
3. Poor Oliver was hungry. He wanted … bread.
4. There are … flowers here in winter.
5. There were … people in the park because it was cold.
6. Do you want … milk in your coffee?
7. They have brought … good books from the library.
Unit 5
1. Ответьте на вопросы
1. What do you think is the most serious problem of the 21 century?
2. How will a lot more people on our planet affect our lives?
3. Which countries will suffer the most?
2. Текст "Too Many People" состоит из пяти абзацев. Просмотрите каждый из них и определите, соответствуют ли данные ниже утверждения содержанию абзаца.
Paragraph 1 - In the future there will be too many people on the Earth.
Paragraph 2 - Australia is a very large country and population growth will not cause serious problems.
Paragraph 3 - Fortunately (к счастью), coal and oil will help us with our energy needs.
Paragraph 4 - Pollution will be our biggest problem.
Paragraph 5 - Africa is leading the way in showing the solution to over-population.
Прочтите и переведите следующий текст
Text 5
Too Many People
Many experts on different subjects believe that there are already too many people in the world. Unless there are great changes in the way people think about the number of children they should have, the world’s population will double in twenty-five years. There will be more than 20 cities with population greater than 20 million people. At present there are only three.
Some people who do not understand what ‘overpopulation’ means point to countries such as Australia and say ‘But there is plenty of room there. The country is almost empty’. It is true that most of Australia is unpopulated, and much of it is very thinly populated, but there are reasons for this. Firstly, much of the land is desert and it is waterless, and secondly, even the land that is not desert is not suitable for anything, not even growing grass. Even with its present population of 17 million, Australia has serious water problems. Furthermore, if it has to feed more people, it will have less food to sell to other countries which, in turn, as their population grows, will have to buy more food from outside.
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Another major problem we will have to face as the world’s population grows is a shortage of energy. We are using up coal and oil and when they have been exhausted, we will have to find something instead of them. It is true that we can make electricity from the heat of the sun and moving water, but we do not yet have the technology to produce great amounts of this energy.
Perhaps, though, the most urgent problem when the world’s population doubles will be pollution. The earth and the air we breathe are already badly polluted. Twice the number of people will cause twice the amount of pollution.
The world’s leaders have to solve many problems. Population control is the greatest. It is probably the one that many countries are doing the least about. Sadly, it is the poorer nations, especially in Africa, which have the greatest population growth, and their peoples will suffer even more than they are suffering now.
Words
point показывать; указывать
empty пустой
reason причина
suitable подходящий, пригодный
grow (grew, grown) расти; выращивать
grass трава
furthermore больше того
sell (sold) продавать
exhaust истощаться
perhaps возможно
urgent насущный;актуальный; срочный
pollution загрязнение
breathe дышать
cause вызывать; быть причиной
solve решать
suffer страдать
4. Ответьте на вопросы
1. How long will it take for the population of the world to double?
2. What is the population of Australia?
3. How can we make electricity?
4. What will be our biggest problem?
5. Which area of the world will suffer the most?
6. What can be done about the problems of pollution?
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