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IV. Падежные предлоги. The Present Simple Tense. Where do you live? I live in Moscow.. Где вы живете? Я живу в Москве.
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IV. Падежные предлоги
В английском языке падежные отношения выражаются с помощью предлогов.
Родительный падеж OF, FROM The book of the student. Книга студента. Take book from the table. Возьми книгу со стола.
Дательный падеж TO, FOR He gave this book to the teacher. Он дал эту книгу преподавателю.
Творительный падеж BY, WITH This story is written by a student. Этот рассказ написан студентом. I write with a pen. Я пишу ручкой.
Предложный падеж ON, ABOUT I speak about that man. Я говорю об этом человеке. I think of this work. Я думаю об этой работе.
Exercise 9. Translate.
1. This man is from Rostov. 2. He always writes with a pen, but I like to write with a pencil. 3. He was a specialist in many fields of science. 4. He wrote a book about his childhood. 5. I bought the new plan of Moscow. 6. This report was made by the first-year student. 7. He decided to send letter to his girlfriend. 8. The lecture on History will be tomorrow. 9. The members of my family spent their free time together.
The Present Simple Tense
Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма
I, We I, We
You live in Moscow You don’t live in Moscow
He He
She lives She doesn’t live
It It
Вопросительная форма. Краткие ответы.
I
Do You
They Yes, I do. No, I don’t
We live?
He
Does She Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t
It
Where do you live? I live in Moscow.
Где вы живете? Я живу в Москве.
The Present Simple Tense употребляется для выражения действия обычного, постоянного, повторяющегося, общеизвестных фактов и истин. Характер такого действия часто подчеркивают такие наречия, как usually, often, seldom, always. Следует помнить что в предложении они ставятся перед смысловым глаголом, но после глагола –to be-.
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She usually gets up at 7 o’clock.
Она обычно встает в 7 часов.
We often go to the cinema. Но: I am always busy.
Мы часто ходим в кино. Я всегда занят.
The sun rises in the East.
Солнце восходит на востоке.
В третьем лице единственного числа добавляется окончание – s.
He want s / eat s / drive s.
-S произносится как:
[iz] после ss, sh, ch, x. He wash es. Он умывается.
[ s] после глухих согласных. He help s. Он помогает.
[ z ] после звонких согласных и гласных. He go es. Он идет.
y меняется i + es: try tries (пытается, старается)
Но: buys/ says/ plays покупает/говорит/играет
Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences.
1. Our students read English newspapers every day. 2. Makarov goes to the Academy in the morning. 3. He usually spends her holiday at the sea. 4. We do our morning exercises every day. 5. Does your brother live in Moscow? – Yes, he does. He lives in the centre of Moscow. 6. We usually work hard at our English because we want to know it well. 7. Do we come to the classroom in the morning? – Yes, we do. 8. We often watch TV on our days off. 9. They don’t live at home, they live in the hostel. 10. My brother doesn’t speak French. 11. She knows English well.
Exercise 11. Open the brackets.
1. The students usually (to spend) much time on reading in the library. 2. Our teacher usually (to explain) the difficult grammar material to us. 3. We always ( to take notes) of the lectures. 4. My friend (to study) many interesting subjects at the University. 5. We often (to discuss) interesting problems. 6. I (to work) hard at all the subjects. 7. They (to have) a little daughter. 8. My brother (to study) at the Pedagogical University by correspondence. 9. My younger brother (to be not) married. 10. My niece (to go) to the college. 11. She (to know, not) what to do now.
Exercise 12. Use these sentences to make questions. Begin the questions with the words in brackets.
Example: Tuesday’s meeting starts at 8. ( what time? ) What time does Tuesday’s meeting start?
1. They always go by bus. (How)
2. The chief usually gives instructions. (What? )
3. He speaks three languages. (How many? )
4. The student refuses to answer the question. (Why? )
5. He often makes mistakes during the lesson. (What? )
6. They study social, economic and technical subjects at the University. (What subjects? )
7. My nephew goes to school. (Where? )
8. My grandmother is 60. ( How old? )
9. My younger sister studies at a technical college by correspondence. (Who? )
10. My mother begins her work at 9 o’clock. (When? ).
11. My brother works for BBC. (What? for).
Exercise 13. Complete the dialogue using the verbs in brackets.
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A: Where do you come (come) from?
B: I … (come) from Rostov.
A: … (you \ live) in Rostov?
B: No. I … (not \ live) in Rostov. I … (live) in Moscow.
A: What … (you \ do)?
B: I’m a student. I … (study) at the University..
A: How often … (you \ travel) to Rostov?
B: I … (not \ go) there very often.
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