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Литература. I. Виды зоба у детей
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Литература
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24. Glorieux J, et al. Follow-up at age 5 and 7 years on mental development in children with hypothyroidism detected by Quebec screening program. J Pediatr 107: 913, 1985.
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Глава 32. Болезни щитовидной железы у детей
Н. Лавин
Зоб
Зоб — это видимое увеличение щитовидной железы. Зоб возникает при разных заболеваниях щитовидной железы и может сопровождаться клиническими проявлениями гипотиреоза либо тиреотоксикоза; нередко симптомы дисфункции щитовидной железы отсутствуют (эутиреоз). Таким образом, наличие зоба само по себе не позволяет установить причину заболевания. У большинства детей с зобом имеется эутиреоз. Частота зоба у детей составляет 4—5% и увеличивается с возрастом. У девочек зоб встречается чаще, чем у мальчиков (во всех возрастных группах). Существует несколько классификаций зоба; одна из них приведена в табл. 32. 1.
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I. Виды зоба у детей
А. Нетоксический зоб — приобретенное или врожденное заболевание щитовидной железы, не обусловленное тиреоидитом или опухолью, характеризующееся эутиреозом или гипотиреозом (по крайней мере, на ранней стадии).
1. Приобретенный нетоксический зоб (синонимы: простой зоб, простой нетоксический зоб, простой коллоидный зоб, ювенильный зоб). На долю этого заболевания приходится примерно 25% случаев увеличения щитовидной железы у детей. Клинических и биохимических признаков дисфункции железы нет. У девочек приобретенный нетоксический зоб встречается в 3—5 раз чаще, чем у мальчиков. Предполагают, что увеличение щитовидной железы при приобретенном нетоксическом зобе может быть обусловлено аутоантителами, стимулирующими пролиферацию клеток железы (но не секрецию тиреоидных гормонов).
а. Осмотр. Железа равномерно увеличена, при пальпации гладкая, подвижная, безболезненная, нормальной консистенции.
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